GDS DA (10%) orders issued today

GDS DA (10%) orders issued today

DA (@10%) order for GDS issued today by the Directorate

copy of the order:

25% Hike in Allowances - Confederation writes to Dopt to issue necessary orders

25% Hike in Allowances - Confederation writes to Dopt to issue necessary orders

Confederation Secretary General writes to the Secretary of Department of Personnel & Training to issue appropriate orders on hike in certain allowances by 25% as a result of Dearness allowance to 100% with effect from 1.1.2014...

Confederation's Letter demanding Increase in certain allowances by 25% as a result of enhancement of Dearness Allowance to 100% w.e.f. 01.01.2014

CONFEDERATION OF CENTRAL GOVT. EMPLOYEES & WORKERS

1st Floor, North Avenue PO Building, New Delhi – 110001 

Website: www.confederationhq.blogspot.com 

Email: confederationhq@gmail.com 

Patron S. K. Vyas  09868244035

President  K. K. N. Kutty  09811048303

Ref: Confd/GENL/2014 

Dated-14.04.2014 

To 

The Secretary, 

Department of Personnel & Training, 

Government of India, 

North Block, New Delhi – 110001 

Sir,

Sub: - Increase in certain allowances by 25% as a result of enhancement of Dearness Allowance to 100% w.e.f. 01.01.2014 – reg. 

Vide MOF OM No. 1/1/2014-EBII (B) dated 27th 100% w.e.f. 01.01.2014. As recommended by the 6th following allowance and advances require enhancement of 25% from its present state as done when the DA crossed 50% in 01.01.2011.

1. Children Education Assistance & Reimbursement of Tuition Fee 

2. Advances for purchase of Bicycle Advance, Warm clothing Advance, Festival Advance, Natural Calamity Advance 

3. Special Compensatory Hill Area Allowance 

4. Special Compensatory Scheduled / Tribal Area Allowance 

5. Project Allowance 

6. Speical Compensatory (Remote Locality) Allowance 

7. Cycle Maintenance Allowance 

8. Mileage for road journey all components of daily allowance on tour 

9. Rates of Fixed Conveyance Allowance under SR-25 (Motor Car) 

10. Rates of Fixed Conveyance Allowance under SR-25 (Other modes)

11. Washing Allowance 

12. Split Duty Allowance 

13. Spl. Allowance for Child Care for Women with Disabilities and Education Allowance for disabled children 

14. Cash Handling Allowance 

15. Risk Allowance 

16. Postgraduate Allowance 

17. Desk Allowance 

18. Bad Climate Allowance 

Therefore it is requested to cause orders for the enhancement of 25% of the above allowances/advances w.e.f 01.01.2014 at the earliest. 

A line in reply is much appreciated. 

Govt woman employee can get uninterrupted two-year leave for child care: SC

The Supreme Court held that a woman employee of central govt can get uninterrupted leave for two years, which also includes needs like examination and sickness. Reuters

The Supreme Court today held that a woman employee of central government can get uninterrupted leave for two years for child care, which also includes needs like examination and sickness.

A bench of justices S J Mukhopadhaya and V Gopala Gowda set aside the order of Calcutta High Court which had held that Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules do not permit uninterrupted CCL(Child Care Leave) for 730 days.

"On perusal of circulars and Rule 43-C, it is apparent that a woman government employee having minor children below 18 years can avail CCL for maximum period of 730 days i.e. during the entire service period for taking care of upto two children. The care of children is not for rearing the smaller child but also to look after any of their needs like examination, sickness etc," the bench said.

It said that CCL even beyond 730 days can be granted by combining other leave if due and the finding of the High Court was based neither on Rule 43-C nor on guidelines issued by the central government.

The court passed the order on a petition filed by a woman government employee Kakali Ghosh challenging government's decision not to grant her leave of 730 days for preparing her son for secondary/senior examinations.

She had first approached Central Administrative Tribunal Calcutta for getting leave. The tribunal had ordered in her favour but the High Court reversed the order after which she moved the apex court.

The apex court set aside the High Court's order.

"We set aside the impugned judgement dated September 18, 2012 passed by the Division Bench of Calcutta High Court, Circuit Bench at Port Blair and affirm the judgement and order dated April 30, 2012 passed by the Tribunal with a direction to the respondents to comply with the directions issued by the Tribunal within three months from the date of receipt/ production of this judgement," it said.

Source: http://www.financialexpress.com

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7th Pay Commission Report and the Need for Timeliness

Background of the 7th Pay Commission

The 7th pay commission report - when is it going to be submitted?

The announcement about the 7th pay commission report came out on September the 25th of 2013. This pay commission unlike the 6th pay commission was set up well in advance. This became possible due to significant efforts of various organisations, union lists and the finance commission report. Announcements say that the 7th pay commission will be implemented from 1.1.2016 and it will take approximately 18 months time for the report to be submitted.

Recently, the 7th pay commission Chairman and the members gave out a public statement on 4.2.2014 and after that on 22.2.2014 the important 7th cpc terms and references were released. Now, the thought that floats on everyone’s mind is whether the 7th pay commission report will be submitted within the 18 months time period and will the employees be able to get the benefits along with their salary from 1.1.2016.

Recently, in the Lok Shaba during the question and answer session, it was pointed out that no specific time limit can be specified as of now for the implementation of the 7th pay commission. However, the finance ministry is now recruiting people for the 7th pay commission pay cell on deputation basis. This is a good attempt which boosts our confidence in the fact that the 7th pay commission will be put into effect on time.

Reports of the Earlier Pay Commissions

If the employees get the benefits of the 7th pay commission along with our salary on 1.1.2016, then, this will be the first time we are given the pay commission benefits without arrears. I am providing a link containing reports about when the previous pay commissions were set and when they were implemented.

Pay Commission	Date of Appointment	Date of submission of report	Financial impact (Rs. In crores)	Time
First Pay Commission	May, 1946	May, 1947	N.A	1 YEAR
Second Pay Commission	August, 1957	August, 1959	39.62	2 YEARS
Third Pay Commission	April, 1970	March, 1973	144.60	3 YEARS (aprx)
Fourth Pay Commission	June, 1983	3 reports submitted in June, 1986; Dec. 1986 and May, 1987	1282	4 YEARS(aprx)
Fifth Pay Commission	April, 1994	January, 1997	17,000	3YEARS (aprx)
Sixth pay commission	July 2006	March 2008		18 months

Arrears of the 6th Pay Commission :- When you see the timetable above, you can understand that none of the previous pay commissions were implemented on time and without the payment of arrears. When the 6th pay commission was implemented, the government paid a huge amount as arrears in two instalments. This impacted the economy considerably and caused changes in inflation rate and GDP. This shocking fact was revealed by the 13th finance committee report.

The Benefits of the Timely Implementation of the 7th Pay Commission :- What benefits will the employees get if the 7th pay commission is implemented on 1.1.2016? Let us have a look.

Firstly, all the allowances and benefits can be got on 1.1.2016. When the benefits are paid as arrears the employees will not get some of the allowances due to exclusion.

Secondly, the government will not have to pay a huge amount as arrears and thereby can avoid economic burden.

Thirdly, if a National Anomaly Committee is set up and the shortcomings of the 7th pay commission are corrected immediately, employees can receive the benefits easily. We have to note that several points mentioned the anomaly committee report of the 6th pay commission still remain problematic and uncorrected.

Fourthly, let us have a look at the elements of ACP and MACP. Like the ACP and MACP, the financial up gradation is going to be introduced in the 7th Pay Commission; the issues that may arise due to this have to be resolved in a timely manner so that everyone may be benefitted by it.   In the 5th pay commission, the time limit for promotion through ACP remained at 12 years, and in the 6th pay commission the time limit for promotions through MACP remained at 10 years. In the 5th pay commission, a new method of promotion through hierarchy was introduced. In the 6th pay commission promotions happened through grade pay structure.

The main aim of introducing ACP and MACP is to make sure that an employee gets minimal promotion at least thrice in his life time of service. If this is the case, the minimal service period of an employee should be at least 30 years. But presently, employees are appointed even at the age of 37 and so their service period is just 23 years. Such problems have to be carefully considered well in advance and solved before the 7th pay commission is implemented.

Let us believe that the 7th pay commission will be the first arrears-free pay commission and implemented on time as per the guidelines of the 13th finance commission.

Source: www.7thpaycommissionnews.com

Project Updates - April '14

POSTAL ASSISTANT EXAM-GK- POLITY PART - 2

Disclaimer:- All the Information provided in this post are prepared & compiled by A. Praveen Kumar, SPM, Papannapet SO-502303, Telangana State  for in good faith of Postal Assistant Exam Aspirants. Author of blog does not accepts any responsibility in relation to the accuracy, completeness, usefulness or otherwise, of contents.

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THE PARLIAMENT OF INDIA

The Parliament consists of the Rajya Sabha (Council of States), the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the office of the President. Any Bill can become an Act only after being passed by both Houses of Parliament. The Parliament House was designed by British architects Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker in 1912-1913. It was opened in 1927 to house the Council of States, the Central Legislative Assembly and the Chamber of Princes. The minimum age for membership to the Rajya Sabha is 30 years, while for the Lok Sabha it is 25 years.

It shares legislative powers with the Lok Sabha, except in the case of supply Bills (like Money Bills) where the Lok Sabha has overriding powers. In the case of conflicting legislation, a joint sitting of the two Houses is held. However, since the Lok Sabha has more than twice as many members as the Rajya Sabha, it holds de facto veto power in such legislations. The Parliament has its own TV broadcasting stations launched in 2004: Doordarshan Rajya Sabha and Doordarshan Lok Sabha (now known as Lok Sabha TV).When the Constitution of India came into effect on 26 Jan 1950, the Constituent Assembly became the Provisional Parliament of India. It remained so until the first elections in 1951.The business of Parliament is transacted in either Hindi or English. However, the Presiding Officers of the two Houses may permit any member to address the House in his mother tongue.

THE RAJYA SABHA (COUNCIL OF STATES)

About the Rajya Sabha

The Rajya Sabha is the Upper House of Parliament. The Vice-President is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. The Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha is elected from among members. He officiates in the absence of the Chairman. The first sitting of the Rajya Sabha was held in May 1952

Membership to the Rajya Sabha

The maximum permissible strength of the Rajya Sabha is 250. Of these 238 members are elected indirectly from the states and Union Territories, and 12 are nominated by the President for their expertise in art, literature, science and social services.Currently, the strength of the Rajya Sabha is 245. Of these 233 are members elected from states and UTs and 12 are nominated members. Members from state assemblies are elected using the Single Transferable Vote system.The provision for nominated members is found in Article 80 of the Constitution

Tenure of the Rajya Sabha

The Rajya Sabha is a continuous body and is not subject to dissolution.Members enjoy a tenure of six years. One-third of the members retire every two years

Functions of the Rajya Sabha

Acts as a non-partisan forum for full and free debates. Can originate any Bill, including constitutional amendment Bills, except Money Bills.Re-evaluates Bills originating in the Lok Sabha in a non-political manner.Relieves the work of the Lok Sabha in considering Private Bills (Bills that apply to specific individuals or organizations).Along with the Lok Sabha, votes on the election of President and Vice-President.Along with the Lok Sabha, votes on the removal of judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts.Along with the Lok Sabha, votes for the continued proclamation of Emergency beyond a period of two months.Acts as the sole de facto and de jure Parliament if the Lok Sabha is dissolved during an Emergency.

THE LOK SABHA (HOUSE OF THE PEOPLE)

About the Lok Sabha

The Lok Sabha is the lower House of Parliament

The current Lok Sabha is the 16th Lok Sabha to be constituted

The first hour of every sitting of the Lok Sabha is called Question Hour, during which questions posed by members may be assigned to specific ministries

Three sessions of the Lok Sabha are held every year:

Budget session: February to May

Monsoon session: July to September

Winter session: November to December

Membership to the Lok Sabha

The maximum permissible strength of the Lok Sabha is 552. Of these, 530 are to be chosen by direct election, 20 are to be representatives of Union Territories, and 2 to be nominated Anglo-Indians.Currently, the strength of the Lok Sabha is 545. Of these, 530 are chosen by direct election, 13 are from Union Territories, and 2 are nominated Anglo-Indians

Tenure of the Lok Sabha

The Lok Sabha has a tenure of five years, unless dissolved earlier.The tenure may be extended by a proclamation of Emergency. The Emergency may extend the term of the Lok Sabha in one year increments.

Functions of the Lok Sabha

The Lok Sabha controls the functioning of the Executive, by making the Council of Ministers answerable to it.The sanctioning of expenditure is the exclusive priviledge of the Lok Sabha

Can originate any Bill, including Money Bills

Along with the Rajya Sabha, votes on the election of President and Vice-President

Along with the Rajya Sabha, votes on the removal of judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts

Along with the Rajya Sabha, votes for the continued proclamation of Emergency beyond a period of two months

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POSTAL ASSISTANT EXAM MATERIAL - QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE

Disclaimer:- All the Information provided in this post are prepared & compiled by A. Praveen Kumar, SPM, Papannapet SO-502303, Telangana State  for in good faith of Postal Assistant Exam Aspirants. Author of blog does not accepts any responsibility in relation to the accuracy, completeness, usefulness or otherwise, of contents.

           

                       AVERAGE

To Download Full Chapter Click below link

http://www.viewdocsonline.com/document/t56aij

Definition

Central Tendency of data is called an Average. Thus an average is a single value that indicates a group of values. Average can be calculated with the help of mean, median and mode. The most commonly used average is the Arithmetic Mean (AM). While some other average geometric mean and harmonic mean are also quite popular.

Arithmetic Mean is calculated by dividing the sum of all the number/quantities by the number of numbers/quantities. The mean of n numbers

x₁, x₂, x₃, … , x_n, is denoted by X and Calculated as

X =

= or

= ∑x_i / n

where ∑ (sigma) denotes the sum of the term of type I from 1 to n.

Average is a very simple but effective way of representing an entire group by a single value.

STIPES

(Standard Types In Problem Execution And Solving)

STIPE 01: To find the average when the number of quantities and their sum is given. We have the following formula, Average = Sum of the quantities / Number of quantities.

STIPE 02: To find the sum, when the number of quantities and their average is given. We have the following, Sum of quantities = Average × Number of quantities.

STIPE 03: To find the number of quantities, when the sum of quantities and average are given. We have the following formula, Number of quantities = Sum of quantities / Average.

AVERAGE SHORTCUT METHODS 1.    Average = [Total of observations / No. of observations] 2.    (i) When a person joins a group in case of increasing average Age weight of new comer =  [ (Previous Age + No. of persons) * Increase in Average ](ii) In case of decreasing Average, Age (or) weight of new comer = [ (Previous Age - No. of persons) * Decrease in Average ] 3.   When a person leaves a group and another person joins the group in the place of person left, then (i) In case of increasing average, Age (or) weight of new comer = [ (Age of person left + No. of persons) * Increase in Average ] (ii) In case of decreasing Average, Age (or) weight of new comer = [ (Age of person left - No. of persons) * Decrease in Average ] 4.When a person leaves the group but nobody joins this group, then (i) In the case of increasing Average, Age (or) weight of man left = [ (Previous Age - No. of present persons) * Increase in Average ] (ii) In case of decreasing Average, Age (or) weight of new comer = [ (Previous Age + No. of present persons) * Decrease in Average ]5. If a person travels a distance at a speed of x Km/hr returns to the original place of y Km/hr then average speed is  [ 2.x.y / ( x + y ) ] 6.If half of the journey is travelled at speed of x km/hr and the next half at a speed of x km/hr. Then average speed during the whole journey is  [ 2.x.y / (x + y) ] 7. If a person travels 3 equal distances at a speed of x Km/hr, y Km/hr,z km/hr. Then average speed during whole journey is [ 3.x.y / (x.y +y.x +z.x) ]                                                                  EXCERCISE 1. Find the average of all prime numbers between 30 and 50. Sol.   There are five prime numbers between 30 and 50.          They are 31, 37, 41, 43 and 47.           Required average = [(31 + 37 + 41 + 43 + 47) / 5] = 199/5 = 39.8. 2. Find the average of first 40 natural numbers. Sol.    Sum of first n natural numbers = 40 * 41 / 2 = 820.           Required average = 820 / 40 = 20.5 3. Find the average of first 20 multiples of 7. Sol. Required average = 7(1+2+3 ... + 20) / 20 = [7 * 20 * 21 / 20 * 2] = [147 / 2] = 73.5. 4.  The average weight of 10 oarsmen in a boat is increased by 1.8 kg when one of the crew, who weighs 53kg is replaced by a new man. find the weight of the new man Sol.          Total weight increased = (1.8 * 10)kg = 18kg.                 Weight of the new man = (53 + 18)kg = 71kg. 5. A batsman makes a score of 87 runs in the 17th inning and thus increases his average by 3. find his average after 17th inning.   Sol. Let the average after 17th inning = x.          Then, average after 16th inning = (x - 3)           16(x - 3) + 87 = 17x or x = (87 - 48) = 39. 6. The average age of the mother and her six children is 12 years which is reduced by 5 years if the age of the mother is excluded. How old is the mother?      Sol:     Therefore age of the mother           = ( 12 × 7 – 7 × 6)          = 42 years 7. The age of five numbers is 27. If one number is excluded, the average becomes 25. The excluded number is          Sol:     Therefore excluded number             = (27 × 5) - ( 25 × 4)                    = 135 – 100                             = 35. 8. Three years ago, the average age of A and B was 18 years. With C joining them, the average age becomes 22 years. How old is C now? Sol:   Present age of (A + B) = (18 × 2 + 3 × 2) years = 42 years.          Present age of (A + B + C) = (22 × 3) years = 66 years.          Therefore C’s age = (66 – 42) years           = 24 years. 9. The average age of 36 students in a group is 14 years. When teacher’s age is included to it, the average increases by one. What is the teacher’s age in years? SoL :   Age of the teacher = ( 37 × 15 – 36 × 14 ) years = 51 years 10. The average runs of a cricket player of 10 innings was 32. How many runs must he makes in his next innings so as to increase his average of runs by 4? Sol:  Average after 11 innings = 36.        Therefore required number of runs         = (36 × 11) – (32 × 10)         = 396 - 320         = 76. 11. The average salary of all the workers in a workshop is Rs. 8000. The average salary of 7 technicians is Rs. 12000 and the average salary of the rest is Rs. 6000. The total number of workers in the workshop is  Sol:     Let the total number of workers be x. Then,       8000x = (12000 × 7) + 6000 ( x – 7)        ‹=› 2000x = 42000        ‹=› x = 21. 12. Kamal obtained 76, 65, 82, 67 and 85 marks(out of 100) in English, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Biology. What are his average marks?     Sol:        Average                = 76 + 65 + 82 + 67 + 85 / 5)                   = (375 / 5) = 75. 13. In the first 10 over’s of a cricket game, the run rate was only 3.2. What should be the run rate in the remaining 40 0vers to reach the target of 282 runs? Sol:   Required run rate = 282 – (3.2 × 10 / 40)           = 240 / 40            = 6.25. 14. The average weight of a class of 24 students is 35 kg. If the weight of the teacher be included, the average rises by 400 g. The weight of the teacher is    Sol: Weight of the teacher           = (35.4 × 25 – 35 × 24)kg           = 45 kg. 15. After replacing an old member by a new member, it was found that the average age of five numbers of a club is the same as it was 3 years ago. What is the difference between the ages of the replaced and the new member? Sol:    Age decrease = (5 × 3) years = 15 years.           So, the required difference = 15 years 16. The average weight of 8 person’s increases by 2.5 kg when a new person comes in place of one of them weighing 65 kg. What might be the weight of the new person? Sol:    Total weight increased            = (8 × 2.5) kg            = 20 kg.            Weight of new person            = (65 + 20) kg            = 85 kg. 17. In the first 10 overs of a cricket game, the run rate was only 3.2. What should be the run rate in the remaining 40 overs to reach the target of 282 runs?  Sol:   Runs scored in the first 10 overs = 10×3.2=32 Total runs = 282, remaining runs to be scored = 282 - 32 = 250 remaining over’s = 40,  Run rate needed = 250 40 =6.25 18. A grocer has a sale of Rs. 6435, Rs. 6927, Rs. 6855, Rs. 7230 and Rs. 6562 for 5 consecutive months. How much sale must he have in the sixth month so that he gets an average sale of Rs. 6500?   Sol: Let the sale in the sixth month = x Then 6435+6927+6855+7230+6562+x 6 =6500 => 6435 + 6927 + 6855+ 7230 + 6562 + x = 6 \times 6500 = 39000 => 34009 + x = 39000,    x = 39000 - 34009 = 4991 19. The average of 20 numbers is zero. Of them, How many of them may be greater than zero, at the most?  Sol:  Average of 20 numbers = 0 =>Sum of 20 numbers 20 =0 => Sum of 20 numbers = 0 Hence at the most, there can be 19 positive numbers. (Such that if the sum of these 19 positive numbers is x, 20th number will be -x) 20. The average age of a class is 15.8 years. The average age of the boys in the class is 16.4 yrs while that of the girls is 15.4 years. What is the ratio of boys to girls in the class? Sol: Let the ratio is k: 1. Then, k*16.4 + 1 * 15.4= (k+l)*15.8 or(16.4 - 15.8)k=(15.8-15.4) or k=0.4/0.6= 2/3. Required ratio = 2/3 : 1 = 2 : 3 21. If a, b, c, d, e are five consecutive odd numbers, their average Is: Sol : Clearly=a+2, c=a+4,d=a+6 and e=a+8. Average (a + (a + 2) + (a + 4) + (a + 6) + (a + 8)) / 5 = (5a + 20) / 5 = (a + 4)  22. The average of first five multiples of 3 is Sol: average = (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5) * 3/5 = 15 * 3 / 5 = 9 23. The average weight of 16 boys in a class is 50.25 kg and that of the remaining 8 boys is 45.15 kg. Find the average weights of all the boys in the class. Sol: Required average = 50.25 x 16 + 45.15 x 8 16 + 8 = 804 + 361.20 24 = 1165.20 24 = 48.55 24. A library has an average of 510 visitors on Sundays and 240 on other days. The average number of visitors per day in a month of 30 days beginning with a Sunday is: Sol: Since the month begins with a Sunday, to there will be five Sundays in the month. Required average = 510 x 5 + 240 x 25 30 = 8550 30 = 285 25. The average weight of 8 person's increases by 2.5 kg when a new person comes in place of one of them weighing 65 kg. What might be the weight of the new person? Sol: Total weight increased = (8 x 2.5) kg = 20 kg. Weight of new person = (65 + 20) kg = 85 kg. 26. The average (arithmetic mean) of 3 numbers is 60. If two of the numbers are 50 and 60, what is the third number? Sol :  3*60=180, which is the total number of points earned; the two numbers we do know are 50 and 60 which add up to 110 The third number is 180-110=70 since all three numbers must add up to 180 27. There are two sections A and B of a class, consisting of 36 and 44 students respectively. If the average weight of sections A is 40 kg and that of section b is 35 kg. Find the average weight of the whole class? Sol:       Total weight of(36+44)Students  (36x40+44x35) = 2980 kg. Average weight of the whole class = (2980 / 80) =37.25. 28. A batsman makes a score of 87 runs in the 17th inning and thus increases his averages by 3.Find his average after 17th inning? Sol:  Let the average after 17th inning = x. Then, average after 16th inning = (x - 3) Average =16 (x-3)+87 = 17x or x=(87-48) = 39. 29.  A students was asked to find the arithmetic mean of the numbers 3, 11, 7, 9, 15, 13, 8, 19, 17, 21, 14 and x. He found the mean to be 12. What should be the number in place of x? Sol:                            Clearly, we have (3+11+7+9+15+13+8+19+17+21+14+x/12) =12 Number in place of x is 137+x=144 x= 144-137 x= 7. . 30.David obtained 76, 65, 82, 67 and 85 marks (out in 100) in English, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Biology.What are his average marks? Average = (76+65+82+67+85/5) = 375/5 = 75 31. The average of 20 numbers is zero. Of them, at the most, how many may be greater than zero? Average of 20 numbers = 0 Sum of 20 numbers =(0 x 20) =0. It is quite possible that 19 of these numbers may be positive and if there sum id a, then 20th number is (-a). 32. The average age of boys in a class is 16 years and that of the girls is 15 years. The average age for the whole class is Sol: Clearly, to find the average, we ought to know the numbers of boys, girls or students in the class, neither of which has been given. so the data provided is inadequate. 33. The average age of 36 students in a group is 14 years. When teacher's age is included to it, the average increases by one. What is the teacher's age in years? Sol:        Age of the teacher is  37X15-34X14 years =51 years 34. The average of five numbers id 27. If one number is excluded,the average becomes 25. The excluded number is Sol:         = 27X5- 25X4        Excluded Number is = 135-100  = 35 35. The average score of a cricketer for ten matches is 38.9 runs. If the average for the first six matches is 42. Then find the average for the last four matches? Required average =(38.9 x 10)-(42 x 6)/ 4 = 137 / 4. = 34.25 36. A motorist travel to a place 150 km away at an average speed of 50 km/hr and returns ar 30 km/hr. His average speed for the whole journey in km/hr is Average Speed = (2xy/x +y )km/hr =(2x50 x30/ 50+30) = 37.5 km/hr. 10 people who changed the world ..... 1. Bill Gates : Bill Gates created his first computer program while still at high school, co-founded Microsoft in 1977, and by 1993 was the richest man on Earth. In 2000 Gates and his wife formed the Bill & Melinda Gates foundation, which is the largest charity in the world. One of its aim is to exempt the Third World of polio and other deadly diseases. 2. Martin Luther King : Martin Luther King was a Baptist minister who campaigned against the segregation of blacks in the Southern states of the United States. He was influenced by Gandhi and believed in peaceful protest. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. King was assassinated in 1968, but will always be remembered for his dignified, passive resistance to an unjust society. 3. Nelson Mandela : Nelson Mandela dedicated his life to the fight against apartheid – a policy which kept black and white South Africans apart and denied black citizens the vote. He was imprisoned in 1964 for his aggressive opposition to South Africa’s racist government and was held for 26 years. In 1990, after his release, Mandela was elected President of the African National Congress. In 1993 he won the Nobel Peace Prize for his work to end apartheid 4. Adolf Hitler : Adolf Hitler was Germany’s leader from 1933 – 1945, during time which he led the world into the most devastating war in history. Hitler’s hatred of Jewish people and his desire for a blue-eyed, blond-haired master race led to the murder of six million people during World War II; most died in concentration camp in Eastern Europe. 5. Albert Einstein : Albert Einstein was one of the greatest of all physicists and his name has become a symbol of genius. When his most famous work, the General Theory Of Relativity was proven in 1919, Einstein became the most celebrated scientist in the world and he won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 192 1. Einstein was a firm believer in pacifism but his scientific theories helped his adopted country, the USA, to develop the atomic bomb. A week before he died Einstein wrote to Bertrand Russell, a British Philosopher and leading antinuclear campaigner, asking to put his name to a manifesto urging all countries to give up their nuclear weapons. 6. Mahatma Gandhi : Gandhi began his career as a lawyer but became a great political and spiritual leader. He led the peaceful civil disobedience of Indians against British rule in India and negotiated with the British Government until 1947, when India was granted independence. Gandhi became the first icon of a people’s struggle agains oppression. His simple lifestyle and his belief in religious tolerance have made him a symbol of decency and peace ever since. 7. Karl Marx : Karl Marx's ideas on economic history and sociology changed the world. Marx was a social philosopher who attacked the state and predicted a future in which everyone was equal. He explained his theories in the Communist Manifesto (compiled with Friedrich Engels and published in 1848) and Das Kapital (1867 – 94). His ideas eventually led to the Russian Revolution and communism. By 1950 almost half of the world‘s people lived under communist regimes. 8. Charles Darwin : Naturalist Charles Darwin established the theory of evolution. He began forming his ideas when he served as official naturalist on a world voyage on HMS Beagle (1831 – 36) and spent the rest of his life back in England developing them. When his famous book The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selections was published in 1859, there were violent reactions against it. Darwin challenged the Bible’s account of creation and explained that human being are descended from an ape-like ancestor. Another English naturalist, Alfred Russell Wallace, independently developed very similar ideas at the same time as Darwin. 9. William Shakespeare : William Shakespeare is generally agreed to be the greatest play writer in the English language. He began as an actor and wrote atleast 154 love poems and 37 plays, including Hamlet, King Lear, Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth. Shakespeare also probably introduced more than 1,700 new words to the English Language. 10. Christopher Columbus : Christopher Columbus is one of the most famous of all explorers. He believed he could reach Asia by sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean and in 1492 he set sail in the Santa Maria to prove his theory. Instead, he landed on the islands now known as the West Indies. His discoveries led to the European explorations and settlement of the Americas. One Click Backup Tool for Post Offices ( SQL Backup) This will backup SQL Databases and MDB files to the Destination selected. The Destination path can be saved. If Destination is not selected or saved, files will be stored in C:\Backup. Source : http://srfix.blogspot.in/ PA/SA EXAM MATERIAL-GK- POLITY PART - 1 Disclaimer:- All the Information provided in this post are prepared & compiled by A. Praveen Kumar, SPM, Papannapet SO-502303, Telangana State  for in good faith of Postal Assistant Exam Aspirants. Author of blog does not accepts any responsibility in relation to the accuracy, completeness, usefulness or otherwise, of contents. Download full Article                      PREAMBLE OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION “ WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens: (NOTE: the original 1950 constitution stated "SOVEREIGN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC" and the words "SOCIALIST SECULAR" were added via the 42nd amendment during the Emergency in 1976) JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY, of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity;and to promote among them all FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation; (NOTE: the original 1950 constitution stated "unity of the Nation" and the words "and integrity" were added via the 42nd amendment during the Emergency in 1976) IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, DO HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION. Indian Constituition- written Constitution  UK & Newzealand - Unwritten Constitution Making of Indian Constitution: Adopted by constituent assembly- 26th Nov. 1949 Came into force - 26th Jan, 1950 (As desired by Mahatma Gandhi) Constituent Assembly set up under - Cabinet Mission(1946) Body: Members- 385, Elected-292, Nominated-93 After separation in 16,1947 of Muslim League = Members remain=299, Elected-229 & Nominated=70 First Meeting of Constituent Assembly - 9th Dec 1946 President- Sachidanand Sinha First session of constituent assembly- 13th Dec 1946 Dr Rajendra Prasad elected president on 11th Dec 1946 Formation of Drafting Committee - 29th Aug,1947 Chairman of Drafting Committee- Dr B.R.Ambedkar Draft came open Feb 1948 Last session 24th Jan,1950 First Elected president- Dr Rajendra Prasad Objective Resolution Adopted-22 Jan,1947 adviced by J.L.Nehru. Different Sources of Indian Constitution Download full Article Postal Exam (PA / SA) - Update as on April 16, 2014 Schedule of Examination (Paper I) for the following Postal Circles is as follows: Postal Circles Exam Date Exam Time Delhi (15), Kerala (22), Rajasthan (28)              27-Apr 02:00PM to 04:00PM Haryana (17),  Karnataka (21)              27-Apr 02:00PM to 04:00PM Assam (12), Chhattisgarh (14), North East (25), Odisha (26)              27-Apr 10:00AM to 12:00NOON Candidates may download the Admit Cards for above stated Postal Circles by Logging into the website from today to exam date. Please keep visiting the website for exam schedules for other Postal Circles & updates. For more information : http://www.pasadrexam2014.in/ CADRE RESTRUCTURING COMMITTEE MEETING ON 28.04.2014 Probationers of Indian Postal Service and Indian P&T Accounts and Finance Service call on the President A group of Probationers of Indian Postal Service of 2010-2013 batches and Indian P&T Accounts and Finance Service of 2011-2013 batches called on the President of India, Shri Pranab Mukherjee today (April 16, 2014) at Rashtrapati Bhavan.  Addressing the probationers, the President said that they were entering government service at a time of great flux and ever increasing expectations of the citizenry from our public machinery. The environment today presents myriad challenges and opportunities at the same time. The State is today no longer merely responsible for the maintenance of law and order or the dispensation of justice. Its role today is far more pro-active and far more inclusive in that it has to promote growth with equity. He said that the development paradigm has changed. The philosophy of development today is empowerment of people through entitlements which are backed by legal guarantees such as Right to Information, Right to Education etc.  The President stated that as the nature and scope of the activities of the State changes, the role of its administration assumes greater importance. Therefore, the greatest challenge before the civil servants today is to adjust to this new role of the Government. He urged the officer trainees to be the agents of the change which they wish to see in their society and country.  Jhunjhunu HO ( Rajasthan Circle ) has successfully migrated to CBS Finacle on 15.04.2014 hunjhunu HO ( Rajasthan Circle ) has successfully migrated to CBS Finacle on 15.04.2014 Shri KL Saini, Supdt of Post offices, Shri PR Lakahara, Postmaster Jhunjhunu HO and Shri. Sudarshan Samariya, IP Planning and also participated in this inauguration function. Ads by Media WatchAd Options