GRANT OF MACP ON PROMOTIONAL HIERARCHY - RTI REPLY
GRANT OF MACP ON PROMOTIONAL HIERARCHY
MACP ON PROMOTIONAL HIERARCHY-THE GROUNDS GIVEN BY THE GOVERNMENT FOR NOT GRANTING MACP ON PROMOTIONAL HIERARCHY ( AS GRANTED TO SH. RAJ PAL) TO OTHER CENTRAL GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES IS NOT CONVINCING. THUS THE HON'BLE CAT, PRINCIPLE BENCH ORDER DATED 12/03/2014 FOR GRANTING MACP ON PROMOTIONAL HIERARCHY IS A REJECTION OF THE GOVERNMENT’S VERSION ON THE SUBJECT.
(Copy of the information obtained by Sh. Vithba Gopala Dahekar, Nagpur on this subject is placed below)
-TKR PILLAI
Regd. Post
RTI Matter/Most Immediate
No. P-13025/11/2014-AT
Government of India
Ministry of Personal, Public Grievances & Pensions
Department of Personal & Training
New Delhi, dated the 4th April, 2014
To
Sh. Vithba Gopala Dahekar
Plot No. 43, Om sai Society
Duttawadi
Post-Lawa, Nagpur
Maharastra-440023
Sub: Information under Right to information Act, 2005.
Sir,
Kindly refer to your RRI application dated 01/03/2014 (transferred to the undersigned by the CPIO (Estt. D) DoP&T on 26/-3/2014) and to say that the SLP No. 7467/2013 was filed by the Department against the judgement of the Hon’ble High Court Chandigarh in CWP No. 19387/2011. The SLP was dismissed on technical grounds and not on merit. The Department decided to implement the order dated 31.05.2011 of CAT Chandigarh Bench for grant of financial upgradation in the promotional hierarchy under MACP to Shri Rajpal on personal basis not to be treated as a precedent. A copy of the Department\s letter No. 26012/5/2011-AT dated 19/08/2013 issued in this regard is enclosed. You have not indicated details of the matter of OA No. 914/2012. However the same does not appears to be related to any employee of CAT and therefore is not being dealt with in AT Division.
2. The issue concerning policy on ACP and MACP scheme for the Central Government Employees are being handled in Estt (D) section of the Department. CPIO (Estt. D) DoP&T has already sent a reply to the applicant vide letter No. 41011/3/2014-Estt. (DF)/01309 dated 26/03/201.
3. The first appellate Authority in respect of the information furnished above is Shri A. Asholi Chalai, Director (AT), Department of Personal & Training, Room No. 2080 A, North Block New Delhi.
Encl: As above
Yours Sincerely
Sd/
(D.D. Maheswari)
Under Secretary to the Government of India
& CPIO (AT)
Tel No. 23094142
MOST IMMEDIATE
COURT CASE
No. P-26012/5/2011-AT
Government of India
Ministry of Personal, Public Grievances & Pensions
Department of Personal & Training
New Delhi, dated the 19th August, 2013
To
The Registrar
Central Administrative Tribunal
Principal Bench
61/35, Copernicus Marg
New Delhi-110001
Subject: OA No. 1038/CH/2010-Raj Pal Vs UOI & Ors.
Madam,
I am directed to refer CAT’s letter No. PB/4/36/2010-R dated 23/05/2013 on the subject cited above and to say that matter was examined in consultation with Ministry of Law & Justice and the Establishment Division of the Department. It has been decided to implement the CAT’s Chandigarh Bench’s order dated 31.05.2011 in the subject OA absolutely.
2. Since the special leave petition (SLP) filed against subject OA was dismissed on the ground of in-sufficient explanation given to condone the delay in re-filing the SLP and not on merit, this order of granting of financial up-gradation in the promotional hierarchy under MACP to Sh. Raj Pal is personal to him and will not be treated as a precedent.
Sd/
(D.D. Maheswari)
Under Secretary to the Government of India
Tel No. 23094142
Source: www.aiamshq.blogspot.in
[http://aiamshq.blogspot.in/2014/05/gtant-of-macp-on-hierarchy.html]
Via : http://90paisa.blogspot.in/
100 TRICKS OF CORRECTION OF SENTENCES IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE FOR ALL EXAMS
100 TRICKS OF CORRECTION OF SENTENCES IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE FOR ALL EXAMS BY DAS SIR , KOLKATA (09038870684)
A. SUBJECT - VERB AGREEMENT
1 . Two or more Singular Subjects connected by and usually take a Verb in the Plural.
For example,
Incorrect- Hari and Ram is here.
Correct- Hari and Ram are here.
2. If two Singular Nouns refer to the same person or thing, the Verb must be Singular.
Incorrect- The Secretary and Principal are coming.
Correct- The Secretary and Principal is coming.
(Here the same person is .Secretary as well as Principal)
3. If the Singular Subjects are preceded by each or every, the Verb is usually Singular.
For example,
Incorrect- Every boy and girl were ready.
Correct- Every boy and girl was ready.
4. Two or more Singular Subjects connected by or, nor, either ..... or, neither .... nor take a Verb in the Singular.
For example,
Incorrect- Neither he nor I were there.
Correct- Neither he nor I was there.
5. When the Subjects joined by 'or/nor are of different numbers, the Verb must be Plural, and the Plural Subject must be placed next to the Verb.
For example,
lncorrect- Neither the Assistant Masters nor the Headmaster was present.
Correct- Neither the Headmaster nor the Assistant Masters were
present. '
6. When the Subjects joined by or, nor are of different persons, the Verb agrees in person with the one nearest to it.
For example,
Incorrect- Either he or I is mistaken.
Correct- Either he or I, am mistaken.
7. A Collective Noun takes a Singular Verb when the collection is thought of as a whole, a Plural Verb when the individuals of which it is composed are thought of.
For example,
Correct- The Council has chosen the President.
Correct- The military were called out.
8. Some Nouns which are singular in form but plural in meaning, take a Plural Verb.
For example,
Incorrect- Mathematics are a branch of study in every school.
Correct- Mathematics is a branch of study in every school.
9. Words joined to a Singular Subject by with, together with, in addition to, or, as well as, etc. are parenthetical, and therefore do not affect the number of the Verb.
For example,
Incorrect- The Chief, with all his men, were massacred .• Correct-The chief, with all his men, was massacred.
10. When the Subject of the Verb is a Relative Pronoun care should be taken to see that the Verb agrees in Number and Person with the Antecedent of the relative.
For example,
Incorrect- I, who is your friend, . will guard you,r interests.
Correct- I, who am your friend will guard your interests.
B. USES OF PARTICIPLES AND INFINITIVES
11. Ask, advise, allow, command, force, forbid, invite, encourage, compel, beg, order•, imagine, instruct, permit, persuade, tell, require, remind, teach, etc. are followed by Object + To +V2
For example,
Incorrect- He advised to do it by me.
Correct- He advised me to do it. But if these are used in Passive Voice, then they are followed by To +V,.
For example,
Correct- She was permitted to go with him.
12. Know is followed by how/ where/when/why and Infinitive.
For example,
Incorrect- I know to write a letter.
Correct- I know how to write a letter.
13. After let, bid, behold, watch, see, feel, make etc. we use Bare-Infinitive and not To-infinitive.
For example,
Incorrect- I heard him to speak on several subjects.
Correct- I heard him speak on several subjects.
14. Bare Infinitive is used after Modal Auxiliaries (can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, dare not, need not).
For example,
Incorrect- You need not to work hard.
Correct- You need not work hard.
15. Had better, had rather,had as soon ... as ... , had sooner etc. are fol-lowed by Bare Infinitive.
For example,
Incorrect- He had better to go now.
Correct- He had better go now. 16. Conjunction than is also fol¬lowed by Bare Infinitive.
For example,
Incorrect- He had better read than to write.
Correct- He had better read than write.
17. When but is used as a Preposition and preceded by any form of the Verb do, then but is followed with Bare Infinitive.
Incorrect- He did nothing but to wander.
Correct- He did nothing but wander.
18. Every Participile must have a Subject of Reference.
For example,
Incorrect- Being a rainy day Vijay decided to stay at home.
Correct- It being a rainy day Vijay decided to stay at home.
19. For completed action Having + Va is used in Active Voice, whereas Having + been + Va or Being + Va is used in Passive Voice. After should not be used in such a sentence.
For example,
Incorrect- After the leader having been killed, the followers ran away.
Correct- The leader having been killed, the followers ran away.
20. Participles like considering, judging, referring, concerning, regarding, viewing, broadly speaking etc. do not take any Subject of Reference.
For example,
Correct - Considering the case, I took the decision.
Here I is not a Subject of Reference of considering. So, there is no Subject of Reference for 'considering, still the sentence is correct.
C. USES OF VERBS
21. When there are two Subjects in a sentence and they are not in the same Number, then we must have to use separate Auxiliaries (is, are, am, was, were, have, has) for both of them.
For example,
Incorrect- Three- killed and one were injured.
Correct- Three were killed and one was injured.
22. A single Verb should be made to serve two Subjects, only when the form of Verb is same for both the subjects.
Incorrect- I am seventeen years old and my sister fourteen.
Correct- I am seventeen years old and my sister is fourteen.
23. Two auxiliaries can be used with one principal Verb, only when the form of the principal Verb is appropriate to both the auxiliaries. '
Incorrect- He never has, and never will take such strong measures.
Correct- He never has taken, and never will take such strong measures.
24. When there is only one auxiliary to two principal Verbs it should be correctly associated with the both.
Incorrect- Ten candidates have passed one failed.
Correct- Ten candidates have passed, one has failed.
25. A Past Tense in the main clause should be followed by a Past Tense in the subordinate clause.
Incorrect- He succeeded because he works hard.
Correct- He succeeded because he worked hard.
26. A Past Tense in main clause may be followed by a Present Tense
in the subordinate clause when the subordinate clause expresses a universal truth.
Incorrect- Our teacher said that the earth moved round the sun.
Correct- Our teacher said that the earth moves round the sun.
27. When the subordinate clause comes after 'lest', the auxiliary Verb 'should' must be used, whatever be the Tense of the Verb in the main clause.
Incorrect- We start early lest we shall miss the train.
Correct- We start early lest we should miss the train.
28. An Adverb or Adverbial phrase should not be placed between 'to' and verbal part of,the infinitive. (This is called the split infinitive).
Incorrect- I hoped to immediately reply to your letter:
Correct- I hoped to reply immediately to your letter.
29. An infinitive should be in the present tense unless it represents' an action prior to that of the governing Verb.
Incorrect- I should have liked to have gone-there.
Correct- I should have liked to go there.
30. Gerund if preceded by a Pr-o-noun, that Pronoun must be in Possessive case.
Incorrect - He emphasised me going there.
Correct- He emphasised my go-ing there.
31. The Present Perfect Continuous Tense is used for an action that began in the past time and still. going at the time of speaking~ It is used with, Adverbials of time introduced by 'since', 'for' and 'how long~.
Incorrect- How long are you working i~ this office?
. Correct- How long have you been working in this office?
32. A Verb when preceded by a Preposition must be the Gerund.
Incorrect- They were punished for come late.
Correct- They were punished for, coming late.
33. The Future Indefinite Tense is not used in the clauses of time, place and condition. Here the Present In¬definite Tense is used.
Incorrect- I shall wait for you till you will finish your work.
Correct- I shall wait for you, till you finish your work.
34. The Present Perfect Tense is not used with the Adverbs of past time like yesterday, in 1990 etc. Here Past Indefinite Tense is used.
Incorrect~ I have bought a cycle yesterday.
Correct-I bought a cycle yesterday.
The Past Perfect Tense is used to represent the earlier of the two past actions.
Incorrect- When I reached the station, the train already left.
Correct- When I reached the station, the train had already left.
35. Modal Auxiliaries are not used together. But two Auxiliaries can be connected by a Conjunction.
For example,
Incorrect-He should must do it. Correct- He should and must do
it.
36. When need or dare is fol-lowed by not, it turns into modal auxiliary. In that situation it takes Bare Infinitive 'and we cannot use needs not or dares not.
For example,
Incorrect- He needs not do it. Correct- He need not do it.
D. USES OF ADJECTIVES
37. Adjectives of quantity show how much of a thing is meant. Adjectives of quantity (some; much, little, enough, all, no, any, great, half, sufficient, whole) are used for Uncountable Nuns only.
For example,
Incorrect-I ate a few rice. Correct- I ate some rice.
38. Numeral Adjectives are used for Countable Noun only and they show how many persons or things are meant or in what order a person or thing stands,
For example,
Incorrect- I have taught you little things.
Correct- I have taught you a few things.
39. When cardinal and ordinal are used together ordinal preceds the cardinal.
For example,
Incorrect- The four first boys will be given the chance.
Correct- The first four boys will be given the chance.
40. Later, latest refer to time, latter and last refer to position.
For example,
Incorrect- I reached at 10 am.
But he was latter than I expected.
Correct- I reached at 10 am. But he was later than I expected,
41. Farther means more distant or advanced; further means additional.
For example,
Incorrect- He insisted on farther improvement.
Correct- He insisted on further improvement.
42. Each is used in speaking of two or more things, every is used only in speaking of more than two.
For example,
Incorrect- Every of the two boys will get a prize.
Correct- Each of the two boys will get a prize.
43. To express quantity or degree some is used in affirmative sentences, any in negative or interrogative sentences.
For example,.
Incorrect- Have you bought some mangoes?
Correct- Have you bought any mangoes?
44. In comparing two things, the Comparative should be used, The Superlativ should not be used.
Incorrect- Which is the best of the two?
Correct- Which is the better of the two?
45. When two qualities of the same person or thing are compared,the Comparative in-er is not used. 'More' is used for this purpose.
Incorrect- He is wiser than brave.
Correct- He is more wise than brave.
46. When comparison is made by means of a comparative, the thing compared should be excluded from the class of things with which it is compared by using 'other' or some such word.
Incorrect- He is cleverer than any boy in the class.
Correct- He is cleverer than any other boy in the class.
47. When comparison is made by means of a superlative, the thing com-pared should include the class of things with which it is compared.
Incorrect- He is the strongest of all other men.
Correct- He is the strongest of all men ..
48. When two persons or things are compared, it is important that the same parts of things should be compared.
Incorrect- The population of Bombay is greater than Delhi.
Correct- The population of Bombay is greater than that of Delhi.
49. Double comparatives and superlatives should not be used.
1. Incorrect- He is the most cleverest boy in the class.
Correct- He is the cleverest boy in the class.
2. Incorrect- He is more wiser than his brother.
Correct- He 'is wiser than his brother.
50. The comparative Adjectives superior inferior, senior, junior, prior, anterior, posterior prefer, etc., should be followed by 'to' instead of 'than'.
Incorrect- He is senior than me.
Correct- He is senior to me.
51. Adjectives like 'unique', ideal,
perfect, complete, universal, entire, extreme, chief, full square and round, which do not admit different degrees of comparison should not be compared.
Incorrect- It is the most unique thing.
Correct- It is a unique thing.
52. All the Adjectives which refer to the same Noun should be in the same degree of comparison.
Incorrect- He is the wisest and honest worker in the office.
Correct- He is the wisest and most honest worker in the office.
53. 'Elder' and 'eldest' should be used for persons only, strictly speaking, they are used for the members of the same family only. 'Older' and 'oldest' are used for both persons and things.
Incorrect- He is my older brother.
Correct- He is my elder brother.
E. USES OF ADVERBS
54. To modify a Verb, an Adjective or another Adverb, we use an Adverb.
Incorrect- She writes very careful.
Correct- She writes very carefully.
Carefully is an Adjective which cannot modify the Adverb very, therefore carefully (Adverb) must be used in place of Adjective careful.
55. Too means more than required and it is used with Unpleasant Adjective. So, we cannot use too glad, too happy, too pleasant, too healthy.
For example,
Incorrect- I am too glad to meet you.
Correct- I am very glad to meet you.
56. A sentence which is based on ''Too .... To" format, we cannot replace to with so that. If we replace to with so that, too also must be replaced with cannot.
For example,
Incorrect- He is too weak so that he cannot walk.
Correct- He is too weak to walk. Correct- He is so weak that he cannot walk.
57. Much too is followed by Unpleasant Adjective, whereas too much is followed by Noun.
Much too + Unpleasant Adjective.
Too much + Noun.
For example,
Incorrect- His failure is too much painful for me.
Correct- His failure is much too painful for me.
Incorrect- His wife's rude behavior gives him much too pain.
Correct- His wife's rude behavior gives him too much pain.
58. Quite and all are not used together.
For example,
Incorrect- He is quite all right. Correct- He is quite right. or He
is all right-
59. A/An + Fairly + Adjective +
Noun or Rather + A + Adjective For example,
(i) a fairly good book
(ii) rather a difficult problem.
But we cannot use Pleasant Adjective with rather and Unpleasant Adjective with fairly.
For example,
Incorrect- It was a rather good book.
Correct- It was a fairly good book.
60. Enough, when used as an Adverb, is preceded by a positive degree Adjective or Adverb.
For example,
Incorrect- He is greater enough to pardon you.
Correct- He is great enough to
pardon you. '
61. Two negatives cancel each other. Hence two negatives should not be used in the same sentence unless we make an affirmation.
Incorrect-I have not got none.
Correct- I.have not got any.
62. 'At present' means 'at the present time', 'presently' means 'shortly'. These should not be confused.
1. Incorrect- Nothing more can be done presently.
Correct- Nothing more can be done at present.
2. Incorrect- He will come back at present.
Correct- He will come back presently.
63. 'Hard' means 'diligently', strenuously', 'Hardly' means 'scarcely at all'. These two Adverbial forms of 'hard' must not be confused.
1. Incorrect- He tried hardly to win the race.
Correct- He tried hard to win the race.
2. Incorrect- She has eaten hard anything today.
Correct- She has eaten hardly anything today.
64. 'Much' is used before past participles and Adjectives or Adverbs of comparative degree. 'Very' is used before the present participles and Adjectives and Adverbs of positive degree.
1. Incorrect- The news is much surprising.
Correct- The news is very surprising.
2. Incorrect-I was very surprised at hearing the news.
Correct- I was much surprised at hearing the news.
65. Hardly is an Adverb which means rarely. Whereas hard is an Adjective which means tough, rigid.
For example,
Incorrect- It is a hardly job.
Correct- It is a hard job.
66. Ago is always used with Past Indefinite Tense. So, if ago is used in a sentence, that sentence must be in the Past Indefinite Tense.
For example,
Incorrect- He has come a month ago.
Correct- He came a month ago. 67. At present means at this moment and it is used with •Present Tense, whereas presently and shortly are used for future' action and generally' used with Future Indefinite Tense.
For example,
Incorrect- Presently he is in the room.
Correct- At present he is in the room.
68. Early means "just after the beginning of anything" and soon means just after a point of time.
For example,
Roses blossomed early this spring.
69. The sentence which starts with seldom, never. hardly. rarely or scarcely takes an inverse structure, Le., Verb + Subject - Structure. For example,
Incorrect- Seldom I had seen such a beautiful sight.
Correct- Seldom had I seen such a beautiful sight.
70. Inversion is also used in a sentence which starts with here/there/ away/out/up/indoor or outdoor and Main Verb, or Aux + Main Verb is used before the Subject.
For example,
Incorrect- Away Sita went Correct- Away went Sita.
F. USES OF CONJUNCTIONS 71. Two Conjunctions should not be used in the same sentence.
Incorrect- Although she was tired, but she still went on working.
Correct- Although she was tired, she still went on working.
72. 'Both' should be followed by 'and'. It should be used in the positive sense. In the negative sense, 'neither' ..... .'nor• should be used in place of 'both'.
incorrect- Both Ravi as well as Raja were present there.
Correct- Both Ravi and Raja were present there.
73. 'Either ... or', 'neither .... nor:
'both and', 'not only but also'
should be followed by the same parts of speech.
Incorrect- He not only lost his ticket, but also his luggage.
Correct- He lost not only his ticket but also his luggage.
74. 'Neither' should be followed , by 'nor', 'either' should be followed by 'or'. Both these should not be con¬fused.
Incorrect- He washed neither his hands or his face.
Correct- He washed neither his hands nor his face.
75. 'No sooner' should be fol¬lowed by 'than', not by 'but' or 'then'.
Incorrect- No sooner do I finish this book then I shall begin another.
Correct- No sooner do I finish the book, than I shall begin another.
76. 'Hardly' and 'scarcely' should be followed by 'when' or 'before', but not by 'than' or 'that'.
Incorrect- Hardly did I reach the station, than the train left it.
Correct- Hardly did I reach the station when the train left it.
77. 'That' should not be used before a sentence in Direct Speech and before Interrogative Adverbs and Pronouns in the Indirect Speech.
1. Incorrect- He said that, "I shall go there."
Correct- He said, "I shall go there".
2. Incorrect- He asked me that who I was.
Correct- He asked me who was.
G. USES OF PREPOSITION
78. Objective case (of Noun or• Pronoun) is used after Preposition.
For example,
Incorrect- I do not depend on he.
Correct- I do not depend on him.
79. The Prepositions used after two words must be made clear if these two words are connected by and or or.
For example,
Incorrect- She is conscious and engaged in her work.
Correct- She is conscious of and engaged in her work.
80. If a Principal Verb is used after about, after, at, before. for, from, in, on. to, that Verb must be in ing (V4) form.
For example,
Incorrect- You prevented me from do it.
Correct- You prevented me from doing it. .
81. On, in, at, are not used before today, tomorrow, yesterday, the following day, the next day etc.
For example,
Incorrect- He will go there on to-morrow.
Correct- He will go there tomorrow.
82. No Preposition is used before the word home. At home is a phrase which bears a different meaning.
For example,
Incorrect- Bring a T.V. set at home.
Correct- Bring a T.V. se$ home. 83. After Transitive Verbs, like dis¬cuss, describe, reach, order, tell, demand, attack, resemble, ridicule, etc. we directly use the object and no Preposition is used after the Verb.
For example:
Incorrect- The poet describes about the beauty of naturel in this poem.
Correct- The poet describes the beauty of nature in this poem.
84. Say/suggest/propose/speak/reply/explain/talk/listen/write is followed by to-Preposition if there is a person in the form of object.
For example,
1. Incorrect- He did not reply me.
Correct- He did not reply to me. 2. Incorrect- He did not write to a letter.
Correct- He did not write a letter.
H. USES OF PRONOUNS
85. When a Pronoun is used as the complement of the Verb 'to be', it should be in the nominative case.
Incorrect- If I were him, I would not do it.
Correct- If I were he, I would not do it.
86. When the Pronoun is used as the object of a Verb or of a Preposition, it should be in the objective case.
1. Incorrect- Let you and I do it.
Correct- Let you and me do it.
2. Incorrect- These presents are for you and I.
Correct- These presents are for you and me.
87. Emphatic Pronouns can not
stand alone as Subjects~ Incorrect- Himself did it. Correct- He himself did it.
88. The Indefinite Pronoun 'one' should be used throughout if used at all.
Incorrect- One must not boast of his own success.
Correct- One must not boast of one's own success.
89. 'Either' or 'neither' is used only in speaking of two persons or things; 'any', 'no one' and 'none' is used in speaking of more than two.
1. Incorrect- Anyone of these two roads leads to the railway station.
Correct- Either of these two roads leads to the railway station.
2. Incorrect- Neither of these three boys did his homework.
Correct- No one of these three boys did his homework.
90. 'Each other' is used in speaking of two persons or things; 'one an¬other' is used in speaking of more than two.
Incorrect- The two brothers loved one another.
Correct- The two brothers loved each other.
91. A Noun or Pronoun governing a Gerund should be put in the possessive case.
Incorrect- Please excuse me being late.
Correct- Please excuse my being late.
92. A Pronoun must agree with its antecedent in person, number and gender.
Incorrect- Each of these boys has done their homework.
Correct- Each of these boys has done his homework.
93. When two or more Singular Nouns are joined by 'and', the Pronoun used for them must be in Plural.
Incorrect- Both Raju and Ravi have done his homework.
Correct- Both Raju and Ravi have done their homework.
94. When two or more Singular Nouns joined by 'and' refer to the same person or thing, a Pronoun used for them must be in the singular.
Incorrect- The collector and District Magistrate is not negligent in their duty.
Correct- The collector and District Magistrate is not negligent in his duty.
95. When two or more singular nouns joined by 'or' or 'nor', 'either ... or', 'neither .. nor', the Pronoun used for them should be in the singular.
Incorrect- Neither Ravi nor Raju has done their homework.
Correct- Neither Ravi nor Raju has done his homework.
96. When two or more singular Pronouns of different persons come together, the Pronoun of second per¬son singular (you) comes first, the pronoun of the first person singular (I) comes last and the pronoun of the third person singular (he) comes in between.
Incorrect- I, You and he must work together ..
Correct- You, he and I must work together.
97. When two or more plural Pro-nouns of different persons come together first person plural (we) comes first, then second person plural (you) and last of all third person plural (they).
Incorrect- You, they and we must work together ..
Correct- We, you and they must work together.
98. The Relative Pronoun who is in subjective case, whereas whom is in objective case. Therefore, for who there must be a Finite Verb in the sentence. Or otherwise, when whom (Object) is used in the sentence and there is more Finite Verb's than the number of Subjects in the sentence, then whom should be changed into who (Subject).
For example,
Incorrect- The doctor whom came here was Ram's brother.
Correct- The doctor who came here was Ram's brother.
99. With Superlative Degree Adjective, only, none, all etc., as Relative Pronoun we use that and not which or who.
For example,
Incorrect- All which glitters is not gold.
Correct- All that glitters is not gold.
100. After let, if a Pronoun is used, that Pronoun must be in the Objective Case.
For example,
Incorrect- Let he go there.
Correct- Let him go there.
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02 May 2014 Current Affairs Updates
1) World's highest railway tunnel opened in China: The world's highest tunnel for high-speed trains in northwest China became operational on Friday at an altitude of 3,607.4 metres. The 16.3-km-long was completely linked up, operationalising the line linking Gansu Province and Xinjiang provinces. With altitudes of up to 3,607.4 metres, the tunnel passes through the Qilian Mountains with two sections and a bridge. The construction began in 2009. It is designed for trains running at over 200 km per hour and will cut the train travel time between Lanzhou and Urumqi to eight hours from about 20 hours.
2) President confers gallantry awards: President Pranab Mukherjee Friday conferred three Kirti Chakras and nine Shaurya Chakras on armed forces personnel for displaying "conspicuous gallantry, indomitable courage and extreme devotion" to duty at a ceremony at the Rashtrapati Bhavan. The president also presented three Uttam Yudh Seva Medals for a high degree of distinguished service in an operational context which includes times of war, conflict, or hostilities.
3) Waqar Younis Offered Two-Year Contract to Coach Pakistan: Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) has offered former captain Waqar Younis a two-year contract to coach the national side, according to chairman Najam Sethi. Waqar Younis had coached Pakistan in 2010 and 2011 before resigning for 'personal' reasons during Ijaz Butt's tenure at the helm of the cricket Board.
4) Election Queue Management System introduced in India: The Election Queue Management System, a first of its kind initiative was introduced in India. It was introduced by the District Election Authority in Burdwan district, West Bengal during Lok Sabha election held on 30 April 2014. The Election queue management system helped voters to find out the level of crowd in the polling booths in Burdwan district. This system will help the voter in receiving information about the crowd in the queue by sending an SMS with the Electoral Photo Identity Card (EPIC) number to 9230085005.
5) 32 killed in 36 hours by Bodo militants in Assam, curfew imposed: There seems to be no end to the bloodbath in Assam as seven more bodies have been found in Baksa district, taking the total death toll to 32 in the last 36 hours. This comes after suspected Bodoland militants killed at least 23 people in a span of 24 hours in Kokrajhar and Baksa districts of lower Assam.
6) India slips in the global rankings for freedom of the press: India has slipped down the global rankings for freedom of the press, thanks to what The Annual Index of Media Freedom called "increased interference in content by media owners in the run-up to the 2014 elections". Global press freedom has fallen to its lowest level in over a decade with India ranked 78th and belonging to countries with "partially free media".
7) Deadline ended for non-CTS cheques: The deadline for switching to new format bank cheques under the Cheque Truncation System (CTS) ended on 30 April 2014. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) started the process of migration to CTS cheques in New Delhi and Chennai from 24 September 2011. Transactions with cheques that have Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) and not CTS technology will be delayed from 1 May 2014. Now, the non- CTS cheques will be likely to take four days or more from the date of deposit to credit the amount. Banks will now clear non-CTS cheques on Mondays and Fridays only.
8) Air India to join Star Alliance in July: Air India (AI) is all set to join the world's largest airline grouping company— Star Alliance, this July, making it the first airline company from India to be part of a global chain of carriers. The move, according to AI CMD Rohit Nandan, will bring immense benefits to Indian fliers from day one as they will be able to earn-and-burn miles, get access to lounges across the globe and enjoy seamless connectivity across the globe.
Source : http://www.currentaffairs4examz.com/
A nostalgic take on the persevering post office
India has the largest postal network in the world with over 1.55 lakh post offices, most of them in rural areas. The network has grown seven-fold since Independence, with the focus of this expansion primarily on rural areas. Yet, the growth in terms of numbers and reach is slowing down.
As in the rest of the world, the post office is on the wane in India. Unless it reinvents itself and takes on new roles to meet emerging expectations and needs, it is entirely possible that we may see them on their way out, at least in the present form. Some new products and services, including Speed Post, Internet banking for savings accounts, ‘e-post’, ‘i-money orders’ and so on have added a contemporary resonance to the post office.
The Finance Minister announced earlier this year that all post offices in the country would be using modern technology by 2015 under the IT modernisation project for the Department of Posts.
At least in the cities, one does notice attempts to add a fresh coat of red paint to post offices, though most of them still sport that familiar musty odour, shaky furniture and blotches of glue that have made a mess of the space meant for pasting stamps, writing letters and filling up forms.
Regardless of the negative connotations that mark the atmosphere in the post office, there is the ubiquitous postcard about which much could be said. Modern toolsThe gates of the World Wide Web are now open before us, and the mobile phone has turned the art of communication into the SMS. Twitter has meanwhile reduced our eloquence to 140 characters, and Facebook has restricted our predilections to ‘Like’ and ‘Unlike’. WhatsApp has brought a new lexicon to our idiom. Yet, the post card still seems to symbolise the star player in establishing contact among relatives, friends, siblings and acquaintances.
Along with such changes sweeping our lives, the art of letter-writing is on the wane. In the good old days, letters bonded people -- parents, siblings, friends, acquaintances -- regardless of where they were stationed. Those little homilies and personal touches packed the post cards.
The elder children in a family would usually play the role of an amanuensis, taking down dictation from their parents and reading out the contents of the replies to them. The innocent pleasure they displayed when lending their ears to the contents was to be seen to be believed.
People eagerly waiting at the doorstep to greet the all-important postman was an occasion to savour.
The bell of his cycle was often the harbinger of good news. The capped and uniformed postman would puff up in importance as he surveyed the anxious faces and pulled out a sheaf of letters and post cards from his worn-out, weather-beaten bag. It was as if he was pulling out some long-lost bounty from the heavens.
The bespectacled patriarch would clear his throat and after some preliminary discussions on the domestic front and struggling with his rusted spectacles hanging precariously on the bridge of his nose (thanks to a thread wound around his ears), would set to write his letter on the yellow post card.
Every centimetre of the card, including the space on top of the stamp, would be utilised. The treasured Parker, Sheaffer, Waterman or Doric pen with its quaint nib would invariably run out of ink. Unable to open the barrel of the pen, he would open an old Ink-bottle and gently dip his pen into the bottom and resume his writing.
He would wake up early in the morning and write letters on postcards to all his near and dear ones and update them on recent family happenings.
Another quaint custom of those days involved the tagging of all postcards and sundry bits of paper on a mounted long metal wire and bunching them by month and year. The stored post cards served as a sort of archives to be dipped into whenever the need arose.
It is unfortunate that these simple pleasures of communication are lost on us today thanks to modern means of “touching base”.
The pleasures of expectation and eager anticipation no longer seem to exist in the humdrum of our lives today. Gone with the art of letter-writing are many a nuance of communication that brought a smile to one's lips, a lump in the throat, a tear to the eyes or a dimple to a romantic cheek! Nothing, it would seem, is left to the imagination anymore.
One wonders whether Gen-Next will have the time and patience for such long-drawn methods of communication. Truth to tell, even the elders among us are beginning to find the electronic means of interacting more convenient and user-friendly.
Some time ago the media sang the dirge of the telegram. The sentiment weighed heavily on me too, and I made a visit to several post offices in the city where I live, wondering how long more they would be around.
I’ve Got Mail
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BG Verghese (left) and Karan Singh at the book launch. |
Sher Singh’s job is to carry mails between Raksham and Chitkul, villages situated at 11,150 ft in the mountains of Himachal Pradesh, where nobody asks, “Do we still have Dak-Runners?” Across India, on landscapes where no wheel will turn, Dak-Runners such as Singh strap mailbags to their shoulders and stride towards remote settlements. Chitkul, for instance, is the last village on the Himachal Pradesh-China border. Singh, 49, was in Delhi — his first time in the Capital — for the launch of journalist BG Verghese’s book, Post Haste, which is dedicated to “the Dak-Runners of India, who still connect us contemporaneously and with our past”.
“I never see what is in the mail but I expect there are several job letters and exam roll numbers. I know there are people waiting for these and this keeps me going,” says Singh, a day after the launch, at the offices of Tranquebar-Westland, publishers of Post Haste.
Even in Delhi, Singh wears his uniform of khakhi shirt and trousers, paired with thick leather shoes and pink woollen socks. Outdoor, the sun is blazing but the Dak-Runner isn’t breaking into a sweat. “These shoes and socks never become hot in summer or cold in the snow. I can wear them in Delhi, Mumbai, in the hills, anywhere,” he says. Singh had the shoes and socks made for the job, while the uniform is a postal department issue.
There are no roads on his beat, informs Singh, only paths made by animals and a few humans. “It is 12 km from Raksham to Chitkul and takes three hours to cover. I hand over the mailbag at the post office in Chitkul and carry a fresh bag back to Raksham,” he says. At Raksham, he exchanges mailbags with a Dak-Runner on the Sangla-Raksham stretch. Singh has mastered the Dak-Runner’s walk. “One doesn’t speed up or slow down, we maintain the same pace all through,” he says.
The Himalayan ranges beyond Kinnaur district, is home to thick forests in which landslides are as frequent as sheep, yaks, goats and leopards. “I came across a cheetah twice. If I had run, the animal would have chased me, so I stood still. I could hear my heart hammering. I was sure I would be killed,” he says. At other times, he has come across bears and had leopards leaping across his path on their way to the khuds below or the forests above. “During winter, when the snow is up to my thighs, I watch out for footprints before deciding my course,” he says, adding, “I have a staff but I am all alone so have to be alert.”
Singh has an erect posture and an unsmiling, focused look. The only time his voice charges up is when he recalls the story of the legendary Dak-Runners of India. A primary school pass-out, Singh has never read the history of Dak-Runners, but the buzurg (elderly people) at home would talk about men who would “walk in such a way that everybody stepped aside.” “These were the dakiya, now called Dak-Runners, and they walked night and day. There were ghungroos tied to their feet and on the staff in their hands so that everybody knew 10-15 km ahead that a dakiya was on his way. Even snakes moved out of their path,” he says.
According to Post Haste, such messengers were called harkaras and the Mughal empire had a network of 4,000. Verghese says nobody knows how many Dak-Runners still exist in India, though the postal department apparently puts the number at 150-200. They operate in mountain regions of Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and the Northeast.
Singh, son of a farmer, still practises farming in a five bigha land in his ancestral village of Bhabhanagar, where his family, which includes his six children, live. “It is 120 km from where I work, so I visit on Sundays,” he says. No, he doesn’t walk the way, he takes a bus.
Source : http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/ive-got-mail/99/Answer Key of Kerala Circle PA/SA Exam 2014: English Section
Friends..Here is the answers to English Section of PA/SA Exam held in Kerala Postal Circle 2014. These answers have been prepared by us based on the feedback and discussion had with our friends via e-mail & facebook page. This may not be treated as the final answer key and we are not stating that the answers given below are completely correct. If anybody feels thatthe answers to any question are different, you are welcome to comment your part below as comment with valid points. Hope this helps. Open discussion is welcome...
These questions were typed and send to us by our friend Habi Haris from Kerala
( If anybody could type and send us the questions of other circles similarly, it will help in providing answer keys soon. Mail us at Currentaffairs4examz@gmail.com)
Identify the tense in the following sentence.
51. I had never been visited by him before.
(A) Past perfect tense.
(B) Past perfect continuous tense.
(C) Past indefinite tense.
(D) Past continuous tense
Pick the choice closest to the meaning of the word given in capital.
52. FABLE:
(A) Dizzy
(B) Empty
(C) Diverse
53. GREGARIOUS:
(A) Sociable
(B) Angry
(C) Lonely
(D) Hardy
Against each key word are given four suggested meanings. Choose the word or phrase which is opposite in meaning to the key word.
54. FABLE:
(A) Myth
(B) Truth
(C) To speak falsely
(D) Fabricate
55. EUPHONIOUS:
(A) Strident
(B) Lethargic
(C) Literary
(D) Hardy
In the following question four sentences have been given. Out of the four options given one is grammatically incorrect. Identify the one and mark your answer.
56.
(A) She seems sad.
(B) He has a cellular phone
(C) These grapes are tasting sour
(D) I think you are wrong
Directions: Use correct tense and fill in the blank to mark the correct sentence.
57. He ……… to Kolkata yesterday.
(A) went
(B) has gone.
(C) will be going
(D) was gone.
Directions: Given are four sentences. Choose the sentence which belongs to the class “Adverb of manner”
58. (A) She sings delightfully
(B) The weather is delightfully cool
(C) He is far better now
(D) I have told you twice.
59. Identify the sentence with no adverb:
(A) He behaves best
(B) She sings well enough
(C) He is the best boy in the class
(D) The patient is much better
60. In the following sentence use appropriate adverb which modifies the whole sentence
…………… Ram escaped unhurt.
(A) Unfortunately
(B) Luckily
(C) Sadly
(D) Badly
Directions: Choose the appropriate preposition to fill in the blank
61. Do not loiter ……….. the street.
(A) in
(B) About
(C) on
(D) at
62. The book lies …… the table
(A) on
(B) at
(C) over
(D) in
63. The driver jumped ……. the car
(A) of
(B) to
(C) off
(D) from
64. Our plane stopped …………… Mumbai airport on the way to Italy.
(A) in
(B) over
(C) on
(D) at
Prepared by: http://www.currentaffairs4examz.com/
Use appropriate subordinating conjuction expressing a negative purpose to complete the sentence.
65. He fled ……….he should be killed.
(A) So that not
(B) Lest
(C) Else
(D) Otherwise
Use appropriate compound conjunction to fill up the blanks to make the sentence complete.
66. You can borrow the book ……. you return it soon.
(A) in as much that
(B) as soon as
(C) as though
(D) provided that
67. I must refuse your request, ……… I believe it unreasonable
(A) As soon as
(B) Provided that
(C) In as much as
(D) So that
68. Identify the incorrect plural forms among the followings:
(A) Steps-daughter
(B) Daughters-in-law
(C) Potatoes
(D) Calves
69. If “Lives” is plural form of noun, then what is its singular form?
(A) Lives
(B) Life
(C) Lively
(D) None of the above is correct
Directions: The following sentence has been given in present perfect tense in passive voice. Transform the sentence in Present Indefinite tense in active voice and mark your answer accordingly
70. Crops have been destroyed by floods:
(A) Crops are destroyed by floods
(B) Crops are being destroyed by floods
(C) Floods destroy crops
(D) Crops have been destroying by floods
Change the following singular noun into its correct plural form.
71. Sheaf
(A) Sheaves
(B) Sheef
(C) Sheafs
(D) Sheafes
Change the following sentence given in direct speech into Indirect Speech and mark correct answer choosing from options given.
72. Ram said, “The horse died in the night.”
(A) Ram said that the horse died in the night.
(B) Ram said that the horse had died in the night.
(C) Ram said that the horse was died in the night.
(D) Ram said that the horse was dead in the night.
73. The prince said, “It gives me great pleasure to be there this evening.”
(A) The prince said that it gives him great pleasure to be there this evening.
(B) The prince said that it gave him great pleasure to be there this evening.
(C) The prince said that it gives him great pleasure to be there that evening.
(D) The prince said that it gave him great pleasure to be there that evening.
Change the following sentence given in indirect speech into direct speech and mark correct answer choosing from options given.
74. He said that he had to go home at once.
(A) He said, “I must go home at once.”
(B) He said, “I may go home at once.”
(C) He said, “I might go home at once.”
(D) He said, “I would go home at once.”
75. “Would you mind passing the salt?” I said to him:
(A) I asked to him if he would mind passing the salt.
(B) I ordered him if he will mind passing the salt.
(C) I asked him if he will mind passing the salt.
(D) I asked him if he would mind passing the salt.Courtesy : http://www.currentaffairs4examz.com/
Intelligence Bureau (IB) Recruitment 2014 for Personal Assistant and Junior Intelligence Officer
Intelligence Bureau invited application for recruitment to the post of Personal Assistant and Junior Intelligence Officer Grade-II/Technical. The candidates eligible for the post can apply through prescribed format before 02 June 2014. Details are as follows:
Total Posts: 74
>> Personal Assistant (P.A.), General Central Service, Group-B (Non-Gazetted/ Ministerial): 42 Posts
>> Junior Intelligence Officer Grade-II/Tech (JIO-II/Tech) General Central Service, Group ‘C’(Non-Gazetted/ Ministerial): 32 Posts
Important Dates
Opening Date for Registration: 03 May 2014
Closing Date for Registration: 02 June 2014
Age Limit: 18-27 years as on 02 June 2014
Educational Qualification: See details from advertisement below
Examination Fee:
Rs. 50/- (Rupees Fifty Only) for General & OBC candidates (male). However, woman candidates and Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe candidates are exempted from payment of fee.
How to Apply
Applications are available on the website of Intelligence Bureau, www.mha.nic.in. Online application must be send from 03 May 2014 till 2359 hours of the closing date 02 June 2014. For further details go through the below provided link.
Apply Online: https://www.onlinesubmit.in/mha5/
