KAVALIPOST

Friday 30 August 2013

POST BANK OF INDIA SANS POSTAL EMPLOYEES


POST BANK OF INDIA SANS POSTAL EMPLOYEES
It seems that the Post Bank of India (PBI) may become a reality in the near future. For the last more than fifteen years we have been told about the Post Bank and even the Parliamentary standing committee on Communications & IT has repeatedly demanded the Government for commencing Post bank. Several attempts have been made, but the Finance Ministry always took a negative stand, for one reason or the other. Majority of the bank managements including nationalized banks have been opposing the entry of the Postal department into commercial banking. The reason is obvious. They foresee a potential threat to their existence once Post Bank enters into their field and during the course of time the Post Bank may become one of the biggest Bank.



Post Bank of India will be an independent entity, separate from the current operations of small savings schemes being carried out by the Department of Posts on behalf of Ministry of Finance. Department has accordingly submitted an application to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on 28.06.2013 seeking banking license subject to necessary cabinet approval. RBI has said that new banks will have to set up at least three branches in villages with a population of less than 10000, for each branch they establish in other areas. Although Post Bank does not intend to open a bank in every Post office, the plan is to meet the financial inclusion goal through these Post offices. India Post had 1,54,822 Post offices across the country as on 31.03.2013, the largest for any department in the world, and close to 90% of them – 1,39,086 – are in rural India. This is more than four times the number of rural branches run by India’s Banks put together. According to plan prepared by Ernst & Young, India Post will become Post Bank of India’s banking correspondent. PBI will use Post office infrastructure but very frugally. Carefully done PBI can be a game – changer in rural areas.


India post is among 26 applicants that sought banking licenses from RBI. India Post has to develop the standards to meet RBI guidelines. In its guidelines for new banking licenses announced on 22nd February 2013, RBI required applicants to prove their eligibility on several fronts – from promoter holding to past experience to business plans. The minimum capital required by the applicants for license is Rs. 500 crores and foreign share holding in the new banks is capped at 49% for the first five years. The new banks have to be set up under a non-operative Financial Holding company (NOFHC). They also have to maintain minimum capital adequacy ratio – the ratio of risk weighed assets, a measure of financial strength of the bank – of 19 % for the first three years. New banks also need to list their shares within three years of starting operations.


The main argument put forward by those opposing the Post Bank is that Postal department has no experience when it comes to giving credit (loans). Department has only been taking deposits till now. Sanctioning and disbursing of credit needs an entirely different aptitude. India Post has no specialized experience in the business. It is reported that unlike many believe, the Post Bank of India will be a completely new entity with no legacies of a government department and very little to do with its parent department, except using some of its network. It will have an independent Board. Separate recruitment has been planned to have specialised banking staff. Of course, the Post Bank will be a subsidiary organisation of India Post, which need to be registered as a public sector Bank and Government equity in this new entity could be diluted. Whatever reforms and regulations Government implements in Nationalised Banking sector will be fully applicable to Post Bank of India also.


There are many talented and qualified Postal employees who want to switch over to the Post bank and to work as employees under the Post Bank. The reports that separate recruitment will be made for the Post Bank has cast shadow upon their hope to work in the Post Bank. NFPE demands that the existing Postal employees who want to switch over to the Post Bank shall be given chance to exercise option and if need be a trade test to assess their capability can also be conducted before selection. Selected officials can be imparted with intensive training in commercial banking business. In any case 100% open market direct recruitment is an injustice to those talented Postal employees who may not be able to apply for open recruitment due to age factor etc. we urge upon the Postal Board and Finance Ministry to give due consideration to this aspect, before the new Bank is rolled out.

The next and 47th National Council JCM meeting is expected to be held by the end of October 2013 - Confederation News


The next and 47th National Council JCM meeting is expected to be held by the end of October 2013 - Confederation News

Confederation Secretary General Shri M.Krishnan informed through his official blog today that the next meeting of National Council JCM is expected to be held by the end of October 2013. 

CONFEDERATION DEMANDS INCLUDED IN THE AGENDA OF THE JCM NATIONAL COUNCIL

Agenda for next meeting of the JCM National Council has been finalized on 27.08.2013 in consultation with DOP&T Twelve demands raised by Confederation in the charter of demands are included. (including GDS employees demand) Next meeting of National Council JCM is expected by the end of October 2013.

The letter give by Com. Umraomal Purohit, Secretary, JCM (NC) and the 12 demands included in the agenda are given below:

M. Krishnan
Secretary General


Dopt Orders on Risk Allowance - Risk Allowance to Central Government Employees - clarification reg.



The order said that 'there is no need for issuing separate instructions continuing payment of Risk Allowance beyond 31.12.2012'.

No.21012/01/2010-Estt. (Allowance)
Government of India
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances & Pension
Department of Personnel & Training

Block No.IV, Old JNU Campus,
New Delhi, 26th August, 2013.

Office Memorandum

Subject: Risk Allowance to Central Government employees - clarification reg.

Reference in invited to this Department’s O.M. No.21012/01/2008-Estt.(Allowance) dated 18th June, 2012 wherein the grant of Risk Allowance was extended at the then existing rates beyond 30.06.2012 and upto 31.12.2012. Subsequently, vide this Department’s OM. No.21012/01/2010-Estt. (Allowance) dated October 18, 2012 the rates of Risk Allowance were revised with effect from 1st September, 2008, implying that grant of Risk Allowance would be at revised rates w.e.f. 1st September, 2008 onwards. Hence, there is no need for issuing separate instructions continuing payment of Risk Allowance beyond 31.12.2012.

This issues with the approval of Joint Secretary (Establishment).

sd/-
(S.G.Mulchandaney)
Under Secretary to the Govt. of India

Source :www.persmin.gov.in
[http://ccis.nic.in/WriteReadData/CircularPortal/D2/D02est/21012_01_2010-Estt.Allowance-26082013.pdf]

Changes in the scheme of selection process for recruitment to the promotion quota of various cadres of All India Services


It has been approved in principle, to consider a few changes in the scheme of selection process for recruitment to the promotion quota of various cadres of All India Services.  As per the existing regulations, the assessment of the suitability of a candidate is made on the basis of his service records.  As per the revised scheme, it is proposed to assess the candidate on the basis of four components i.e. ‘Written Examination’, ‘Length of Service’, ‘Assessment of Performance Appraisal Reports’ and ‘Interviews’.



            The above decision was taken after consulting the State Governments and the concerned Cadre Controlling Authorities (CCAs i.e., the Ministry of Home Affairs and the Ministry of Environment and Forest).  Further, to implement the scheme, necessary amendments in the concerned rules/regulations are necessary.  The State Governments & the CCAs concerned have been consulted on this aspect also.  The Central Government has received certain objections from different quarters, such as that the new scheme will be detrimental to the interests of senior state services officers, the officers belonging to the categories of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes; it would also undermine the element of experience viz-a-viz academic knowledge and would be against the larger public interest as the officers would prefer studying in place of doing public service, etc.   The inputs received in this regard from the State Governments and other quarters will be kept in view in firming up the regulations.
 This was stated by Shri V. Narayanasamy, Minister of State in the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pension and Minister of State in the Prime Minister’s Office in written reply to a question by Dr. Chandan Mitra today.

****
KSD/SAMIR/sk 

Annexure A

SUMMARY OF THE AFFIDAVIT BY THE GOVERNMENT

           
    The salient features of the affidavit are as under:

a.       Non Interference in Investigation

Non-interference in investigation of CBI in PC Act offence cases is already provided in the DSPE Act. 

b.                  Appointment of Director, CBI

Appointment of  Director CBI by the President on the recommendation of a Committee consisting of Prime Minister as Chairperson, Leader of Opposition in the House of People as Member and the Chief Justice of India or a Judge of the Supreme Court nominated by him as Member. 
c.                   Removal of Director, CBI

Removal of Director CBI, only by order of the President on grounds of proved misbehavior and incapacity after the Central Vigilance Commission on a reference made to it by the President has reported that the Director is guilty based on an inquiry conducted in accordance with the AIS Rules in this regard.  
d.                  Director, CBI as member of Selection Committee

Induction of Director CBI as full-fledged member in the Selection Committee for recommending selection of officers of CBI of the level of SP and above. 
e.                   Superintendence on Non-PC Act offences

Superintendence of the Delhi Special Police Establishment for all cases (other than Prevention of Corruption Act offences whose superintendence is with Central Vigilance Commission) has been in the Central Government, with a rider that while exercising the powers of superintendence, the Central Government shall not exercise powers in such a manner so as to require the Delhi Special Police Establishment to investigate or dispose of any case in a particular manner.  
f.        Timeline for prosecution of officers under Section 6(A) of DSPE Act

On the required approval of the Central Government before conducting inquiry or investigation against officers of JS level or above under Section 6(A) of DSPE Act, it has been provided that the Central Government shall take a final decision within a period of 3 months and an order declining such request would contain reasons in support thereof. 
g.       Appointment of Director (Prosecution)

Director of Prosecution is to be selected based on the recommendation of the Selection Committee, headed by the Central Vigilance Commissioner with Secretary DoPT, Secretary MHA, and Secretary Department of Legal Affairs as members and Director CBI as member convener. The categories of persons who shall be eligible for appointment, apart from cadre officers of the Ministry of Law & Justice, would include a person who has been in practice as an advocate for not less than 15 years and has been designated as a senior advocate. Powers and functions of the Director of Prosecution have been delineated.
h.                   Institutional accountability of CBI

Establishment of an Accountability Commission has been proposed to ensure institutional accountability of CBI.  The Commission will consist of three whole time Members, to be appointed by the President, from amongst the  retired judges of the Supreme Court or the High Court with the senior most judge as the Chairperson of the Commission and the CVC as an ex-officio Member. The salary and allowances and the other terms and conditions would be as may be prescribed by the Government. The jurisdiction, functions and powers of the Commission have been detailed. The Commission would entertain and inquire into allegations of misbehavior, incapacity, impropriety or irregularity on the part of officers and staff of DSPE. However the complainant has to approach the Director in the first instance.
i.         Financial Autonomy: 

                  Apart from functional autonomy to CBI, the financial powers of the Director shall be equivalent to the powers exercisable by the Director General of Central Reserve Police Force. 
      j.       In accordance with Cabinet`s approval the Central Government shall introduced a Bill containing the necessary amendments in Parliament and the same shall be moved in accordance with Parliamentary procedure.


Children of divorced, illegally wedded wives of deceased entitled to pension


Children of divorced or those born to illegally wedded wife of a deceased all India services officer are entitled to get family pensions, according to new rules notified by the central government.

"Where the deceased member of service or pensioner is survived by a widow but has left behind eligible child or children from a divorced or an illegally wedded wife or wives, the eligible child or children shall be entitled to the share of family pension which the mother would have received at the time of the death of the member of service or pensioner had she not been so divorced or had she been legally wedded," they say.
All India services comprise IAS, IPS and Indian Forest Service.

Earlier, children born outside wedlock of a government servant had no claim on family pension and the legally wedded wife was the sole recipient of the post-retirement benefit.

The amended All India Services (Death-cum-Retirement Benefits) Rules, 1958, also have provisions to provide equal share of pension to more than one widow of a deceased officer.

The rules have a provision to recognise marriage and family of a member of the services after his or her retirement and have made such family member eligible to receive pension after the death of an officer.

They also provide for monetary support to mentally retarded children of an officer of Indian Administrative Service (IAS), Indian Police Service (IPS) and Indian Forest Service (IFoS).

"If the son or daughter of a member of service is suffering from any disorder or disability of mind including the mentally retarded or is physically crippled or disabled so as to render him or her unable to earn a living even after attaining the age of twenty-five years, the family pension shall be payable to such son or daughter for life," the rules said.

If there are more than one such son or daughter suffering from disorder or disability of mind or who are physically crippled or disabled, the family pension shall be paid in the order of their birth and the younger of them will get the family pension only after the elder next above him or her ceases to be eligible, the rules clarified.

In case both wife and husband are members of service and are governed by the provisions of the rules and one of them dies while in service or after retirement, the family pension in respect of the deceased shall become payable to the surviving husband or wife and in the event of the death of the husband or wife, the surviving child or children shall be granted the two family pensions in respect of the deceased parents, they said.

Retired all India service officials will also get additional pensions after completing 80 years of age, according to them.

Such retired government officials will get 20 per cent of additional pension after they complete 80 years of age, 30 per cent of after completing 85 years, 40 per cent after crossing 90 years of age, 50 per cent after reaching 95 years and 100 per cent of additional pension after completing 100 years of age, the rules said.

If there are more than one such son or daughter suffering from disorder or disability of mind or who are physically crippled or disabled, the family pension shall be paid in the order of their birth and the younger of them will get the family pension only after the elder next above him or her ceases to be eligible, the rules clarified.

In case both wife and husband are members of service and are governed by the provisions of the rules and one of them dies while in service or after retirement, the family pension in respect of the deceased shall become payable to the surviving husband or wife and in the event of the death of the husband or wife, the surviving child or children shall be granted the two family pensions in respect of the deceased parents, they said.

Retired all India service officials will also get additional pensions after completing 80 years of age, according to them.

Such retired government officials will get 20 per cent of additional pension after they complete 80 years of age, 30 per cent of after completing 85 years, 40 per cent after crossing 90 years of age, 50 per cent after reaching 95 years and 100 per cent of additional pension after completing 100 years of age, the rules said.

Source : The Times of India

Thursday 29 August 2013

General Network Connectivity Problems


MS-Windows Troubleshooting


General Network Connectivity Problems (e.g. cannot connect to remote computer)


Symptom:

Unable to connect to remote computer. General network connectivity problems.

Cause:

There are a number of things which can prevent two workstations from communicating with each other over the network. These include (and this is unlikely to be an exhaustive list):
  • Poor or incorrect network protocol configuration
  • Network hardware problems
  • Software problems
The same can also cause problems even when superficially the network appears to be working.
Part of the problem in solving network connectivity problems is identifying what the underlying problem is or what the problems are.

Remedy:

The remedy to the problem depends on the root cause. The following should be regarded as a checklist of things to test:
  1. Check that the workstation be ‘pinged’, i.e.:
ping workstation
If this produces the message ‘Bad IP address workstation.’ then this indicates a name resolution failure, in other words NT has been unable to look up the IP address for the workstation. If the (target) workstation is on the same local network then ask the administrator to check that DSN is working correctly. If it is on a remote network then the IP address will probably need to be explicitly specified in the local TNSNAMES file. Alternately try pinging by specifying explicitly the IP address of the workstation, i.e.:
ping workstation-ip-address
e.g.
ping 192.10.44.1 (or whatever the ip address of the workstation is.)
If ping produces a message of the form:
Reply from ip-address: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=128
Reply from ip-address: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=128
Reply from ip-address: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=128
Reply from ip-address: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=128
Then this indicates that there is network connectivity between the two workstations. Packets are being sent to the workstation and replies received. The time may vary. However, if it produces the message:
Request timed out.
Request timed out.
Request timed out.
Request timed out.
Then this indicates that there is no network connectivity between the two workstations. Things to check:
  • That the remote workstation is switched on.
  • That both workstations are (physically) plugged into the network.
  • That the hubs are switched on.
  • That the ip address that is being pinged (which ping echoes) is correct for the workstation. If it is not then this indicates either a DNS failure or an incorrect TNSNAMES entry.
  • That the remote workstation does not have a firewall that is preventing ping acknowledgements from being returned.
  • If both workstations are on a local network that their TCP subnet is the same. This can be checked using:
ipconfig
Do this on both workstations. For each network adapter this will show the following information:
IP Address. . . . . . . . . : ip-addresss
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . : subnet-mask
Default Gateway . . . . . . : gateway-ip
 (may be blank)
For a local network the subnets should be the same. The ip-address logically and-ed with the subnet-mask should give the same result. If it does not then the workstations are on different subnets. Check the ip-addresses.
  • If the workstations are on different subnets then the packet will have been sent not directly to the workstation but via a gateway (and from there on to the workstation). To show the default gateway use:
ipconfig
To list all other possible gateways use the command:
route print
This lists other possible gateways that the workstation may use according to the ip address of the target. If the destination IP address does not match one of the network destinations listed then the default gateway will be used.
If there is no default gateway the add the ip address of the gateway as the default. Otherwise check that the gateway is listed in the routing table. The ‘route’ command allows new entries to be added.
Repeat the process (at both ends) but by pinging the gateway. This will establish whether there is basic communications between the workstation and its local gateway. If both sides can communicate with their respective gateways then the problem must lie with the link between the gateways. Consult your network administrator.
  1. If the computers are on different networks try:
tracert workstation
This will show the route to the computer any may give a better indication of where on the route the problem lies.
  1. Ping demonstrates that there is network connectivity between the two workstations. To check network reliability trying pinging with larger packets and for longer. Try each of the following:
ping workstation -l 1024 -t
ping workstation -l 4096 -t
ping workstation -l 8192 -t
The ‘-l’ parameter specifies the size of the message to send (the default is 32bytes, real applications will send much larger blocks of data). The ‘-t’ parameter specifies that it should continue pinging until you ‘control-C’ it. I would recommend trying each in turn and only breaking it after a complete screen full of responses. As the packet size increases the time will also increase. However even with 8192 byte packets there should be no ‘Request timed out’ messages. If any are seen then this indicates a hardware problem, either with the network hardware or with one of the adapters in either of the workstations.
Typical response times I would expect for a set of sample packet sizes are as follows:
Packet Size100mbps LAN10mbps LAN100mbps to 10mbps LAN via single gateway
-l 4096time<10ms<10ms10ms
-l 8192time<10ms10ms10ms
-l 16000time<10ms30ms30ms
-l 30000time<10ms50ms50ms
-l 60000time=10ms100ms110ms
Network topology will vary between sites (for instance the number of routers and switches that the network traffic request must navigate), so please regard these as ballpark/guideline figures. Any small variation between these figures and the figures are your site are probably not significant. The first ping message may show a higher time or even timeout, this is not significant provided it is only the first message.
To check whether it is a network adapter on either of the workstations look in the NT (system) event log. This may indicate if the adapter is giving problems. It could also be the network cable, hub or particular hub port. If the problem affects one particular workstation then this is indicative of either a network card failure, bad network cable or network hub port failure. For example if there are problems between workstations ‘A’ and ‘B’, also between ‘A’ and ‘C’ but not between ‘B’ and ‘C’ then this clearly indicates that the problem is related to workstation ‘A’. Try a different port on the network hub, then a different network cable and then try a different network card.
  1. If ping attempts fail the network appears to be totally unresponsive at one workstation (i.e. it cannot see anything on the network, even other workstations on the local network for which there are no network connectivity issues) then it is worth reinstalling the latest service pack. Some old dlls on the system can produce network related problems. It’s worth a try.
  2. Enable ‘Black Hole Router detection’. Part of the underlying network protocol involves the network cards in both computers negotiating agreeing on the largest packet size that they can mutually manage. (For Ethernet this is typically 1550 bytes.) When communicating over a WAN it is possible that some of the routers or bridges along the route will not be able to handle packets as large as the network cards can manage. These should return a message indicating when a packet is too large and at the same time specify the maximum packet size they in turn can manage. Normal TCP-IP communication is self tuning in this way. However some (older?) routers or bridges fail to respond correctly and quietly drop the packet if it is too large. These are known as ‘black hole routers’. In NT black hole router detection is disabled by default. To turn it on requires adding (or modifying the following registry key):
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\ SYSTEM\ CurrentControlSet\ Services\ Tcpip\ Parameters\ EnabledPMTUBHDetect = 1
If adding this registry entry then add it as a REG_DWORD.
Other than event log, registry and service pack references these notes are also applicable to Windows 


LAN & Network Diagnostics


LAN & Network Diagnostics
These notes cover a variety of LAN trouble situations. Hope they help.
Before you start
Before you do anything, before you touch anything else:
1.    If you are tired or hungry you will not be at your best. If you are pulling your hair out in chunks you will not make smart decisions. Sometimes the best starting point for diagnosis is to take a break, have a rest or eat something - no matter what the short term pressures.
2.    Write down a list of everything that has changed. Chances are high your problem lies with the change or a side-effect of the change.
3.    Think it through first - running around doing things with no plan is a recipe for another disaster - once you find the original problem you've then got to go back and fix all the other problems you introduced when doing your imitation of a headless chicken.
4.    Be methodical. Start at one place and work slowly out from there. Test each step and MAKE NO ASSUMPTIONS. Check everything.
<rant> If you have got network cables with broken tabs you deserve everything you get. Breathe on those guys and they come loose. Keep a pair of scissors handy and cut the connectors off. Period. </rant>
What you should have done!
Wise after the event advice is never very helpful - but:
1.    Know what the NORMAL look of LEDs, flashing light and other indicators are. We typically look at these indicators only when something is NOT working and then assume they are telling us things that they probably are not.
2.    Keep a 'gold standard' - something that you know works - could be a laptop, could be a long cable that will stretch everywhere and you KNOW WORKs. Use this to eliminate possible errors.
RJ45 End Connectors
1.    Make and test practice cables until you get it right every time - especially before you destroy cables you just spend 2 hours fitting.
2.    When cutting the exterior cover of the cable be very careful not to cut the insulation cover of the conductors since this can cause shorts.
3.    Expose a maximum of 1 inch of individual conductors when preparing the cable for connection.
4.    Line up all the conductors according to the wiring standard you are using.
5.    Measure the cable and trim the conductor ends so they are are all the same length and no individual conductor wire is visible outside the plastic cover of the RJ45 connector.
6.    Carefully slide the prepared cable into the RJ45 connector making sure the end of the conductors reaches the end of the RJ45 connector.
7.    Using the crimp tool make the connection using one firm squeeze operation.
8.    Test the cable before fitting if possible.
9.    The RJ45 connector is the critical connection always use the highest quality connectors you can afford. The most common cause of connection faults is bad connectors.
New Connections
1.    Create and keep a 'gold standard' i.e. take a single PC/laptop connect it directly to the hub via a cable that is long enough to stretch from every room in the facility to the hub - confirm that the Hub/Switch LINK led works every time and preferably use a PC that has a LINK led on its LAN card.
2.    Using this configuration move it to every location when you test the connection. At least you know something works. Plug this configuration into the wall connector under test and if you don't get LINK - its your cable.
3.    Test every PC to wall LAN cable before you start by using them to connect to the Hub/Switch locally - you don't want to rip-up your installed cable until you are sure it's at fault.
4.    Make no assumptions - test or check everything
5.    Buy a cheap magnifying glass - its almost impossible to do a visual check of punch down connections without one
6.    Use a 'continuity tester' or a volt-meter to check individual conductors in cables
Networks
Q1. What is Ping and what does it do?
'Ping' (actually its full name is 'ICMP Echo request') is a simple command that may be issued from the DOS Command Prompt (Start/Run/cmd/OK). Ping tells you if you can, or cannot, contact an IP address (another PC). Ping sends a small message to another computer which causes the receiver to echo back the same message (the message pings forward and backward). Ping is the simplest and most useful diagnostic tool to become familiar with and well worth a few minutes experimentation. To use Ping;
1.    Run a command prompt (sometimes called a 'DOS box') (Start->Programs->Command Prompt (MSDOS) or Start->run enter command -> OK
2.    Type:
3.  ping xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
where xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx is the IP address that you want to check followed by ENTER. You can also use a URL with a ping:
ping www.sitename.com
For this format to work the DNS service must be contactable and working.
4.    If ping works (you have successfully sent a message to the remote computer and received a response) you should get up to 4 replies of the form:
5.  Reply from xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx: bytes=32 time=yyms TTL=zz
Where xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx is the IP address that is responding, yyms is the time (yy) in milliseconds (ms) that the ping took and zz can be used to calculate the number of routers that it passed through on its journey.
6.    If the Ping fails you will see a message like:
7.  Request timed out (connection or routing error)
8.  OR
9.  Host unreachable (routing error)
10. OR
11. Network unreachable (routing error)
GO UP Image
Q2. Diagnosing Network Problems.
To diagnose a network problem you just start to verify the connections from a known starting point (your PC) moving progressively further into the network until you find the problem:
1.    Always start with your own PC (it regularly fails). Issue a ping to your own PC (get it's address here). If this fails restart your PC and try the failing operation again.
Check with someone else in the office - if you are the only person having the problem you have already isolated it to your PC or its wiring. Now you only have to find it - in all cases it is not a remote network problem.
1.    Restart your PC - 90% of all problems disappear with this one act.
2.    Check the link LEDs on your PC LAN card (if it has any).
3.    Check your cabling.
2.    Now check your local network.
Your local PC is OK - someone else has same problem.
Ping the local router (its address is the Default Gateway IP that you get here). If this fails we may have a problem with the local LAN or the router.
Now you have to move from your desk.
Find your router and Hub/Switch check the LED displays. If they are not normal remove and immediately replace the power connection or switch the unit OFF then ON.
Go back to your PC and retry to ping your local router and then repeat the failing operation.
3.    Check the remote network.
Your local router is OK - we can reach it and its LEDs are normal.
Issue a tracert command to 64.58.76.176 (www.yahoo.com) NOTE: always use the -d option with this command and you can abandon it using CTRL+C when you see two three consecutive rows of '*'.
Note the hop number of the first failure and contact your service provider.
Q3. What is a trace route (or tracert) command?
A tracert (or trace route) command tells you all the routers between your PC and the place you want to trace to (can be either an IP address or a URL e.g. www.smokeyjoe.com )
To run a tracert command:
1.    Click start->programs->Command Prompt (or Start->run enter cmd then OK)
2.    Enter:
3.  tracert www.xxx.xxx.xxx -d' (or www.smokeyjoe.com -d)
Replace the IP address with the one you want or use the URL of the site if you know it.NOTE: The -d in the command line stops a DNS lookup and speeds up the command considerably.
4.    tracert outputs the following display:
5.  a bbbb cccc dddd ee.ee.ee.ee
Where:
a is the hop number starting from 1
bbbb is the time is milliseconds that the first attempt took to reach the site. Asterisk means it timed out.
cccc is the time is milliseconds that the second attempt took to reach the site. Asterisk means it timed out.
dddd is the time is milliseconds that the third attempt took to reach the site. Asterisk means it timed out.
ee.ee.ee.ee is the IP address of the router at this hop number.
NOTES:
1.    If you do NOT add the -d then after the dddd entry you will see a router name first then an IP address in square brackets.
2.    You can abandon the command at any time by typing CTRL + C.

Q4. How do I find my TCP/IP configuration?
There are two methods of doing this - the quick and the long method depending on how much information you want:
The quick method (limited configuration):
1.    Load a Command Prompt (a DOS box) (Start->programs->Command Prompt or Start->run enter command then OK)
2.    If using windows '95 enter:
3.  winipcfg
This will display your IP address, subnet mask and default gateway (local router)
4.    If using Windows NT, windows '98, Win2K, XP enter
5.  ipconfig /all
this will display your IP address, subnet mask, default gateway (local router) and MAC address
The long method (full configuration)
Windows '95, '98 and NT 4.x, Windows 2K:
1.    Click start\settings\control panel.
2.    Double click 'Network'
3.    Select 'Protocols' tab
4.    Select TCP/IP then click 'Properties'
5.    Navigate to the relevant tab to find the required information.


Convert Any File Online



To day i got a image in .bmp format and i wanted to convert it to jpg format. I searched over internet and found many softwares. But i found an online site that easily convert any file to any format. Convert any file using the free online Zamzar service. This service allows you to convert any image, document, music, video, e-book, or compressed file format into another. Below are some different common examples of how this service could be used.

  •  Convert a .jpg image into a .png, .gif, or .bmp, etc.
  • Convert a YouTube video into a .avi, .mov, .3gp, .flac, .m4a, .wmv, etc.
  • Convert a .docx to a .doc, .pdf, .html, etc.
  • Convert a .pdf into an e-book format your e-reader supports.
  • Convert a .rar into a .zip

    CAT-5 CABLE AND RJ45 CONNECTORS


     How to correctly assemble a CAT-5 cable to RJ45 connectors for regular network cables as well as crossover cables.
    The CAT-5  is a standard cable which has four twisted pairs of colours. It is easy to crimp a RJ45 connector to CAT-5 cable and make it into a straight cable or cross the cable as required. To make a straight cable, the ends must be crimped in the same way at each end. When making a crossover cable, some wires of certain colours have to be reversed. 

    CAT-5 cable is usually divided into 4 twisted pairs of colours:

    Orange / orange-white
    Green / green-white
    Blue / white and blue
    Brown / brown-white

    Straight Cable Colour Code

    To make a straight cable, the tips must be crimped typically the same way ateach end by respecting the twisted pair size.

    In general, the colour code used is:

    1) orange-white
    2) orange
    3) green-white
    4) Blue
    5) blue-white
    6) Green
    7) brown-white
    8) brown

    Crossover Cable Colour Code


    For a crossover cable, swap 1 with 3, and 2 with 6, in the list above. This gives:

    1) green-white
    2) green
    3) orange and white
    4) Blue
    5) blue-white
    6) orange
    7) brown-white
    8) brown

    Standard EIA / TIA 568 (A &B) Colour Code

    Straight cable

    1) white-green / white-green
    2) green / green
    3) white-orange / white-orange
    4) Blue / blue
    5) white-blue / white-blue
    6) Orange / orange
    7) white-brown / white-brown
    8) brown / brown

    Crossover cable 10/100baseT Colour Code


    1) white-green / white-orange
    2) Green / orange
    3) white-orange / white-green
    4) Blue / blue
    5) white-blue / white-blue
    6) Orange / green
    7) white-brown / white-brown
    8) brown / brown

    Complete crossover cable or crossgigabit Colour Code

    On Gbic 1000BaseT eg

    1) white-green / white-orange
    2) Green / orange
    3) white-orange / white-green
    4) Blue / white-brown
    5) white-blue / brown
    6) Orange / green
    7) white-brown / blue
    8) Brown / white-blue

    Note:

    Many Gigabits (10/100/1000 multi speed) are auto MDI / MDIX and automatically adapt to the type of cable connected.

    Courtesy : Foreign Post Office Mumbai













    Batch file to Switch Between WAN and Broad Band in WAN Offices



    In WAN Offices often we are using Broad Band in so many circumstances. For Swinth between WAN and Broad band we have to change Default gateway, and DNS server's ip each time.Here is the simple solution to switch between WAN and Broad band.

    Steps:
    1.Before creating batch file.IP and Subnetmask of Broad band Modem must be in WAN IP Series. For this task please refer mannual.Click here to download mannual
    2.Create a new notepad(.txt document)
    3.Copy and paste the following script

    @ECHO OFF

    color 2

    Echo * Now System IP Changes to WAN Settings*

    Echo ** If ready to switch to WAN ** PRESS ENTER *** or else Ctrl+ C

    pause


    set vargw=10.102.154.193
    set vardns1=164.100.3.1
    set vardns2=164.100.17.3


    ECHO Setting Gateway
    netsh int ip set address name = "Local Area Connection" gateway = %vargw% gwmetric = 1

    ECHO Setting Primary DNS
    netsh int ip set dns name = "Local Area Connection" source = static addr = %vardns1%

    ECHO Setting Secondary DNS
    netsh int ip add dns name = "Local Area Connection" addr = %vardns2%

    Echo **** Now You are in Wide Area Network ****

    pause


    4.Change set vargw=Router IP of WAN or Modem IP of Broadband
    set vardns1=Primary DNS of WAN or Broadband
    set vardns2=Secondary DNS of WAN or Broadband
    5.Save the file.
    6.Rename it as WAN.bat or Broadband.bat
    7.Just double click to Switch between WAN and Broadband
    Note:This batch file works in Computers which are having Single Network Adapter only.


    Configuration of Broadband and leased line in Switch


    FOLLOW THE FOLLOWING STEPS FOR CONFIGURATION OF BROAD BAND MODEM.

    01. PING 192.168.1.1(DEFAULT IP ADDRESS OF BROAD BAND MODEM)
    02. OPERN YOUR WEB BROWSER TYPE http://192.168.1.1
    03. type user name: admin, password: admin.
    04. goto advanced setup>WAN
    05. click on edit on line containg vpi/vci 0/35.
    06. click on next > change the connection type to pppoe
    07. click on next > enter username and password and service name.
    08. click on next>next> save
    09. again advanced setup screen will appears
    10. click on save/reboot.

    after two minutes.

    01. again open the web browser and type 192.168.1.1
    02. enter username : admin and password: admin
    03. click on device info.
    04. note down the primary dns server and secondary dns server.
    05. configure the system in which you want broad band as follows

    ip address 192.168.1.x
    subnet mask 255.255.255.0
    default gateway 192.168.1.1
    preferred dns server: <enter the value from step 4>
    alternate dns server:<enter the value from step 4>


    or

    ip address 192.168.1.x
    subnet mask 255.255.255.0
    default gateway 192.168.1.1
    preferred dns server: 192.168.1.1

    if you dont want borad band in a system then dont configure the default gateway, preferred dns server and alternate dns server in that system.